Maternal exposure to NO enhances airway sensitivity to allergens in BALB/c mice through the JAK-STAT6 pathway.

Previous studies have indicated that nitrogen dioxide (NO) exposure could increase airway sensitivity to allergens for children. Recently, fetal stress was proposed as a crucial factor for allergic airway response occurring in offspring. Considering that there is inadequate evidence linking maternal NO exposure to offspring airway sensitivity to allergens, pregnant Balb/c mice were exposed daily to 2.5 ppm NO throughout the gestation period; then, the offspring were challenged to an allergen (ovalbumin, OVA) to evaluate airway sensitivity. For air + saline group and air + OVA group, offspring mice were maternally exposed to clean air followed by treatment with saline and OVA, respectively, in adulthood. For NO + saline group and NO + OVA group, offspring mice were maternally exposed to NO followed by treatment with saline and OVA, respectively, in adulthood. The results showed that maternal NO exposure increased the level of OVA-immunoglobulin (Ig) E in serum and caused airway hyper-responsiveness and pathological changes in offspring. Furthermore, maternal NO exposure altered the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and impaired the T helper (Th) 1/Th2 balance. In addition, janus kinase)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 pathway participated in OVA-induced airway sensitivity of offspring. Our study showed that the potential risk of airway sensitivity to allergens in offspring is enhanced by maternal NO exposure and proposed a possible mechanism for preventing, alleviating, and evaluating the outcomes in polluted environments.