Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, College of Technology, The University of Bamenda, Box 39, Bambili, N.W. Region, Cameroon.
Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.
Waste Manag. 2019 Mar 15;87:947-953. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.048. Epub 2018 Mar 2.
Open dumpsites that receive municipal solid waste are potentially significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. There is little data available on emissions from these sources, especially in the unique climate and management of central Africa. This research aimed at quantifying CH, NO and CO emissions from two open dumpsites in Cameroon, located in Mussaka-Buea, regional headquarters of the South West Region and in Mbellewa-Bamenda, regional headquarters of the North West Region. Emissions were measured during the wet season (May 2015 and August 2016) at the Mussaka and Mbellewa dumpsites respectively. Dumpsite surfaces were partitioned into several zones for emission measurements, based on the current activity and the age of the waste. Static flux chambers were used to quantify gas emission rates thrice a day (mornings, afternoons and evenings). Average emissions were 96.80 ± 144 mg CH m min, 0.20 ± 0.43 mg NO m min and 224.78 ± 312 mg CO m min in the Mussaka dumpsite, and 213.44 ± 419 mg CH m min, 0.15 ± 0.15 mg NO m min and 1103.82 ± 1194 mg CO m min at the Mbellewa dumpsite. Emissions as high as 1784 mg CH m min, 2.3 mg NO m min and 5448 mg CO m min were measured from both dumpsites. Huge variations observed in emissions between the different zones on the waste surface were likely a result of the heterogeneous nature of the waste, different stages in waste decomposition and different environmental conditions within the waste. Management activities that disturb waste, such as spreading and compressing potentially increase gas emissions, while covering waste with a layer of soil potentially mitigate gas emissions. Recommendations were for dumpsites to be upgraded to sanitary landfills, and biogas production from such landfills should be exploited to reduce CH emissions.
接收城市固体废物的露天垃圾场是向大气中排放温室气体（GHG）的重要潜在来源。关于这些来源的排放数据很少，特别是在中非独特的气候和管理条件下。本研究旨在量化喀麦隆两个露天垃圾场（位于西南地区首府穆萨卡-布埃亚和西北地区首府姆贝拉瓦-班达马的两个垃圾场）的 CH、NO 和 CO 排放。2015 年 5 月和 2016 年 8 月分别在穆萨卡和姆贝拉瓦垃圾场进行了排放测量。根据当前的活动和废物的年龄，将垃圾场表面划分为几个区域进行排放测量。静态通量室用于每天三次（早上、下午和晚上）量化气体排放率。穆萨卡垃圾场的平均排放量为 96.80 ± 144 mg CH m min、0.20 ± 0.43 mg NO m min 和 224.78 ± 312 mg CO m min，姆贝拉瓦垃圾场的平均排放量为 213.44 ± 419 mg CH m min、0.15 ± 0.15 mg NO m min 和 1103.82 ± 1194 mg CO m min。两个垃圾场的排放量高达 1784 mg CH m min、2.3 mg NO m min 和 5448 mg CO m min。废物表面不同区域之间排放的巨大差异可能是废物的非均质性、废物分解的不同阶段以及废物内部不同环境条件的结果。干扰废物的管理活动，如散布和压缩，可能会增加气体排放，而用一层土壤覆盖废物可能会减轻气体排放。建议将垃圾场升级为卫生垃圾填埋场，并利用这种垃圾填埋场产生的沼气来减少 CH 排放。
