Dho So Hee, Lim Jae Cheong, Kim Lark Kyun
Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Korea.
Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea.
Immune Netw. 2018 Feb 20;18(1):e11. doi: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e11. eCollection 2018 Feb.
The complement is a part of the immune system that plays several roles in removing pathogens. Despite the importance of the complement system, the exact role of each component has been overlooked because the complement system was thought to be a nonspecific humoral immune mechanism that worked against pathogens. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF or CD55) is a known inhibitor of the complement system and has recently attracted substantial attention due to its role in various diseases, such as cancer, protein-losing enteropathy, and malaria. Some protein-losing enteropathy cases are caused by CD55 deficiency, which leads to complement hyperactivation, malabsorption, and angiopathic thrombosis. In addition, CD55 has been reported to be an essential host receptor for infection by the malaria parasite. Moreover, CD55 is a ligand of the seven-span transmembrane receptor CD97. Since CD55 is present in various cells, the functional role of CD55 has been expanded by showing that CD55 is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, malaria, protein-losing enteropathy, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of CD55 and the role of CD55 in these diseases. It also provides insight into the development of novel drugs for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with CD55.
补体是免疫系统的一部分，在清除病原体方面发挥多种作用。尽管补体系统很重要，但由于补体系统被认为是一种针对病原体的非特异性体液免疫机制，其各个组分的确切作用一直被忽视。衰变加速因子（DAF或CD55）是一种已知的补体系统抑制剂，最近因其在各种疾病中的作用而备受关注，这些疾病包括癌症、蛋白丢失性肠病和疟疾。一些蛋白丢失性肠病病例是由CD55缺乏引起的，这会导致补体过度激活、吸收不良和血管病性血栓形成。此外，据报道CD55是疟原虫感染的必需宿主受体。而且，CD55是七跨膜受体CD97的配体。由于CD55存在于各种细胞中，通过表明CD55与多种疾病相关，包括癌症、疟疾、蛋白丢失性肠病、阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿和自身免疫性疾病，CD55的功能作用得到了扩展。本综述总结了目前对CD55的认识以及CD55在这些疾病中的作用。它还为开发用于诊断和治疗与CD55相关疾病的新型药物提供了见解。
