Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
J Health Econ. 2018 Mar;58:76-89. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
While a large literature has investigated the role of parental human capital on children's well-being, relatively little is known regarding the effects of human capital investment in children on long run outcomes of parents. In this study we explore the human capital variations created by the 1974 Tanzania education reform to estimate the effect of children's primary schooling attainment on parental survival. Using 5,026,315 census records from 1988, 2002, and 2012, we show that the 1974 reform resulted in an additional 1.1 years (31%) of educational attainment among exposed cohorts. Using the reform as instrument for child education we find that each additional year of primary schooling in children resulted in a 3.7 percentage point reduction (p < .001) in the probability of maternal death, and a 0.8 percentage point reduction (p = .011) in the probability of paternal death by the time exposed child cohorts reach age 50. The results suggest that-at least in a setting where social security coverage is largely absent-a substantial fraction of human capital gains generated by reforms are shared with the parental generation.
尽管大量文献研究了父母人力资本对子女福祉的影响，但关于对子女进行人力资本投资对父母长期结果的影响，人们知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们探讨了 1974 年坦桑尼亚教育改革带来的人力资本变化，以估计儿童小学教育程度对父母生存的影响。我们使用了 1988 年、2002 年和 2012 年的 5026315 份人口普查记录，结果表明，1974 年的改革使受教育程度较高的群体增加了 1.1 年（31%）。利用改革作为儿童教育的工具，我们发现，儿童每增加一年小学教育，母亲死亡的概率就会降低 3.7 个百分点（p<0.001），父亲死亡的概率就会降低 0.8 个百分点（p=0.011），直到受教育程度较高的儿童群体达到 50 岁。研究结果表明，至少在社会保障覆盖面很大程度上缺失的情况下，改革带来的大量人力资本收益都与父母一代共享。
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