Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan.
Theranostics. 2018 Feb 4;8(5):1435-1448. doi: 10.7150/thno.22482. eCollection 2018.
Therapeutic efficacy of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is often severely limited by poor penetration of therapeutics through blood-brain barrier (BBB) into brain tissues and lack of tumor targeting. In this regard, a functionalized upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based delivery system which can target brain tumor and convert deep tissue-penetrating near-infrared (NIR) light into visible light for precise phototherapies on brain tumor was developed in this work. : The UCNP-based phototherapy delivery system was acquired by assembly of oleic acid-coated UCNPs with angiopep-2/cholesterol-conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) and the hydrophobic photosensitizers. The hybrid nanoparticles (ANG-IMNPs) were characterized by DLS, TEM, UV/vis and fluorescence spectrophotometer. Cellular uptake was examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The PDT/PTT effect of ANG-IMNPs was evaluated using MTT assay. Tumor accumulation of NPs was determined by a non-invasive imaging system (IVIS). The anti-glioma effect of ANG-IMNPs was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of tumor tissues and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. : data demonstrated enhanced uptake of ANG-IMNPs by murine astrocytoma cells (ALTS1C1) and pronounced cytotoxicity by combined NIR-triggered PDT and PTT. In consistence with the increased penetration of ANG-IMNPs through endothelial monolayer , the NPs have also shown significantly enhanced accumulation at brain tumor by IVIS. The IHC tissue examination confirmed prominent apoptotic and necrotic effects on tumor cells in mice receiving targeted dual photo-based therapies, which also led to enhanced median survival (24 days) as compared to the NP treatment without angiopep-2 (14 days). : and data strongly indicate that the ANG-IMNPs were capable of selectively delivering dual photosensitizers to brain astrocytoma tumors for effective PDT/PTT in conjugation with a substantially improved median survival. The therapeutic efficacy of ANG-IMNPs demonstrated in this study suggests their potential in overcoming BBB and establishing an effective treatment against GBM.
多形性胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 的治疗效果常常受到治疗药物通过血脑屏障 (BBB) 进入脑组织的能力差和缺乏肿瘤靶向性的严重限制。在这方面,本工作开发了一种基于功能化上转换纳米粒子 (UCNP) 的递药系统,该系统可以靶向脑肿瘤,并将穿透深层组织的近红外 (NIR) 光转化为可见光,从而对脑肿瘤进行精确的光疗。
UCNP 基光疗递药系统是通过将油酸包覆的 UCNP 与血管生成肽-2/胆固醇缀合的聚乙二醇和疏水性光敏剂组装而成的。混合纳米粒子 (ANG-IMNPs) 通过 DLS、TEM、UV/vis 和荧光分光光度计进行了表征。通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞术检查细胞摄取情况。通过 MTT 测定评估了 ANG-IMNPs 的 PDT/PTT 效应。通过非侵入性成像系统 (IVIS) 测定 NPs 的肿瘤积累情况。通过肿瘤组织免疫组织化学 (IHC) 检查和 Kaplan-Meier 生存分析评估 ANG-IMNPs 的抗神经胶质瘤作用。
结果表明,ANG-IMNPs 被小鼠星形细胞瘤细胞 (ALTS1C1) 增强摄取,并通过 NIR 触发的 PDT 和 PTT 联合产生明显的细胞毒性。与 ANG-IMNPs 通过内皮单层的穿透增强一致,IVIS 也显示 NPs 在脑肿瘤处的积累明显增强。IHC 组织检查证实,接受靶向双重光基治疗的小鼠肿瘤细胞有明显的凋亡和坏死作用,与没有血管生成肽-2 的 NP 治疗相比,中位生存期也延长(24 天)(14 天)。
这些结果和讨论数据强烈表明,ANG-IMNPs 能够选择性地将双重光敏剂递送到脑星形细胞瘤肿瘤中,用于与实质性改善的中位生存期相结合的有效 PDT/PTT。本研究中展示的 ANG-IMNPs 的治疗效果表明了它们在克服 BBB 和建立针对 GBM 的有效治疗方法方面的潜力。
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