Working plan for the use of patient-reported outcome measures in adults with brain tumours: a Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) initiative.

The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology-Patient-Reported Outcome (RANO-PRO) working group is an international multidisciplinary collaboration that provides guidance on the use of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in clinical trials and practice for adult patients with brain tumours. Findings from both PROs and traditional outcome measures, such as survival, and clinical or radiological response, are essential to inform the research community, policy makers, physicians, and patients in the treatment decision-making process. Previous initiatives in oncology have focused on guidelines concerning the collection, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of PRO data. However, we recommend the application of appropriate PRO instruments, with respect to its content and measurement properties (ie, research question, content validity, and other measurement properties), in brain tumour research. PROs should be well defined and reliable to generate high-quality evidence, and our recommendations on the use of specific PRO measures could help to improve the quality of PRO evidence derived from neuro-oncological studies, and might add a new dimension in how the value of therapeutics is assessed in patients with brain tumours. In this Policy Review, we present the RANO-PRO working plan for the use of PROs in adults with brain tumours.