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TGF-β 模拟蛋白在鼠寄生虫旋毛虫中形成一个扩展的基因家族。

TGF-β mimic proteins form an extended gene family in the murine parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus.

机构信息

Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK.

Institute of Infection and Immunology Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK.

出版信息

Int J Parasitol. 2018 Apr;48(5):379-385. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.12.004. Epub 2018 Mar 3.

Abstract

We recently reported the discovery of a new parasite-derived protein that functionally mimics the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The Heligmosomoides polygyrus TGF-β Mimic (Hp-TGM) shares no homology to any TGF-β family member, however it binds the mammalian TGF-β receptor and induces expression of Foxp3, the canonical transcription factor of both mouse and human regulatory T cells. Hp-TGM consists of five atypical Complement Control Protein (CCP, Pfam 00084) domains, each lacking certain conserved residues and 12-15 amino acids longer than the 60-70 amino acids consensus domain, but with a recognizable 3-cysteine, tryptophan, cysteine motif. We now report on the identification of a family of nine related Hp-TGM homologues represented in the secreted proteome and transcriptome of H. polygyrus. Recombinant proteins from five of the nine new TGM members were tested for TGF-β activity, but only two were functionally active in an MFB-F11 reporter assay, and by the induction of T cell Foxp3 expression. Sequence comparisons reveal that proteins with functional activity are similar or identical to Hp-TGM across the first three CCP domains, but more variable in domains 4 and 5. Inactive proteins diverged in all domains, or lacked some domains entirely. Testing truncated versions of Hp-TGM confirmed that domains 1-3 are essential for full activity in vitro, while domains 4 and 5 are not required. Further studies will elucidate whether these latter domains fulfill other functions in promoting host immune regulation during infection and if the more divergent family members play other roles in immunomodulation.

摘要

我们最近报道了一种新的寄生虫衍生蛋白的发现,该蛋白在功能上模拟了免疫抑制细胞因子转化生长因子 (TGF)-β。Heligmosomoides polygyrus TGF-β Mimic (Hp-TGM) 与任何 TGF-β 家族成员都没有同源性,但是它与哺乳动物 TGF-β 受体结合并诱导 Foxp3 的表达,Foxp3 是小鼠和人类调节性 T 细胞的典型转录因子。Hp-TGM 由五个非典型的补体控制蛋白 (CCP,Pfam 00084) 结构域组成,每个结构域都缺乏某些保守残基,并且比 60-70 个氨基酸的共识结构域长 12-15 个氨基酸,但具有可识别的 3-半胱氨酸、色氨酸、半胱氨酸基序。我们现在报告了在 H. polygyrus 的分泌蛋白质组和转录组中发现的一组九个相关的 Hp-TGM 同源物。从这九个新的 TGM 成员中的五个中测试了重组蛋白的 TGF-β 活性,但只有两个在 MFB-F11 报告基因测定中具有功能活性,并能诱导 T 细胞 Foxp3 的表达。序列比较表明,具有功能活性的蛋白在跨前三个 CCP 结构域与 Hp-TGM 相似或相同,但在结构域 4 和 5 中更具变异性。无功能活性的蛋白在所有结构域中都发生了分歧,或者完全缺乏某些结构域。对 Hp-TGM 的截断版本进行测试证实,结构域 1-3 对于体外的完全活性是必需的,而结构域 4 和 5 则不是必需的。进一步的研究将阐明这些后一个结构域是否在促进感染期间宿主免疫调节中发挥其他功能,以及更具差异性的家族成员是否在免疫调节中发挥其他作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a559/5904571/367ef4b5dc9d/fx1.jpg

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