Veissière Samuel P L, Stendel Moriah
Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2018 Feb 20;9:141. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00141. eCollection 2018.
We present a deflationary account of smartphone addiction by situating this purportedly antisocial phenomenon within the fundamentally dispositions of our species. While we agree with contemporary critics that the hyper-connectedness and unpredictable rewards of mobile technology can modulate negative affect, we propose to place the locus of addiction on an evolutionarily older mechanism: the human need to monitor and be monitored by others. Drawing from key findings in evolutionary anthropology and the cognitive science of religion, we articulate a model of smartphone addiction grounded in a general theory of human cognition. Building on recent predictive-processing views of perception and addiction in cognitive neuroscience, we describe the role of social reward anticipation and prediction errors in mediating dysfunctional smartphone use. We conclude with insights from contemplative philosophies and harm-reduction models on finding the right rituals for honoring social connections and setting intentional protocols for the consumption of social information.
我们通过将这种据称是反社会的现象置于我们人类的基本性情之中，提出了一种关于智能手机成瘾的消胀解释。虽然我们同意当代批评者的观点，即移动技术的过度连接和不可预测的奖励可以调节负面影响，但我们建议将成瘾的根源置于一种进化上更古老的机制：人类需要被他人监视和监视他人。借鉴进化人类学和宗教认知科学的关键发现，我们阐述了一种基于人类认知一般理论的智能手机成瘾模型。基于认知神经科学中关于感知和成瘾的最新预测处理观点，我们描述了社会奖励预期和预测误差在介导功能失调的智能手机使用中的作用。我们以沉思哲学和减少伤害模型的见解作为结论，探讨如何找到合适的仪式来尊重社会联系，并为社会信息的消费制定有意的规范。
