Luján-Vega Charlene, Hawkins Michelle G, Johnson Christine K, Briggs Christopher, Vennum Chris, Bloom Peter H, Hull Joshua M, Cray Carolyn, Pesti Denise, Johnson Lisa, Ciembor Paula, Ritchie Branson R
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2018 Mar;49(1):108-115. doi: 10.1638/2017-0053R.1.
Chlamydiaceae bacteria infect many vertebrate hosts, and previous reports based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and serologic assays that are prone to cross-reaction among chlamydial organisms have been used to describe the prevalence of either DNA fragments or antibodies to Chlamydia spp. in wild raptorial populations. This study reports the PCR-based prevalence of Chlamydiaceae DNA that does not 100% match any avian or mammalian Chlamydiaceae in wild populations of hawks in California Buteo species. In this study, multimucosal swab samples ( n = 291) for quantitative PCR (qPCR) and plasma ( n = 78) for serology were collected from wild hawks. All available plasma samples were negative for antibodies using a C. psittaci-specific elementary body agglutination test (EBA; n = 78). For IgY antibodies all 51 available samples were negative using the indirect immunofluorescent assay. The overall prevalence of Chlamydiaceae DNA detection in wild Buteo species sampled was 1.37% (4/291) via qPCR-based analysis. Two fledgling Swainson's hawks ( Buteo swainsoni) and two juvenile red-tailed hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis) were positive by qPCR-based assay for an atypical chlamydial sequence that did not 100% match any known C. psittaci genotype. Positive swab samples from these four birds were sequenced based on the ompA gene and compared by high-resolution melt analysis with all known avian and mammalian Chlamydiaceae. The amplicon sequence did not 100% match any known avian chlamydial sequence; however, it was most similar (98.6%) to C. psittaci M56, a genotype that is typically found in muskrats and hares. Culture and full genome sequence analysis of Chlamydia spp. isolated from diseased hawks will be necessary to classify this organism and to better understand its epizootiology and potential health impact on wild Buteo populations in California.
衣原体细菌可感染许多脊椎动物宿主，以往基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测和血清学检测的报告常被用于描述野生猛禽种群中衣原体属DNA片段或抗体的流行情况，但这些检测方法在衣原体生物之间容易发生交叉反应。本研究报告了在加利福尼亚州鹰属野生种群中，基于PCR检测的衣原体DNA流行情况，该DNA与任何禽类或哺乳动物衣原体均不完全匹配。在本研究中，从野生鹰中采集了用于定量PCR（qPCR）的多黏膜拭子样本（n = 291）和用于血清学检测的血浆样本（n = 78）。使用鹦鹉热衣原体特异性原体凝集试验（EBA；n = 78）检测所有可用血浆样本，抗体均为阴性。对于IgY抗体，使用间接免疫荧光试验检测的所有51份可用样本均为阴性。通过基于qPCR的分析，在采样的野生鹰属物种中，衣原体DNA检测的总体流行率为1.37%（4/291）。两只雏鸟斯文森鹰（Buteo swainsoni）和两只幼年红尾鹰（Buteo jamaicensis）通过基于qPCR的检测，发现一种非典型衣原体序列呈阳性，该序列与任何已知的鹦鹉热衣原体基因型均不完全匹配。对这四只鸟的阳性拭子样本基于ompA基因进行测序，并通过高分辨率熔解分析与所有已知的禽类和哺乳动物衣原体进行比较。扩增子序列与任何已知的禽类衣原体序列均不完全匹配；然而，它与鹦鹉热衣原体M56最为相似（98.6%），M56基因型通常在麝鼠和野兔中发现。从患病鹰中分离出的衣原体进行培养和全基因组序列分析，对于对该生物体进行分类以及更好地了解其在加利福尼亚州野生鹰属种群中的流行病学和潜在健康影响是必要的。
