Lim Alfred, Eng Vivian, Janssen Steve M J, Satel Jason
School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham-Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia.
Division of Psychology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia.
Exp Brain Res. 2018 May;236(5):1369-1382. doi: 10.1007/s00221-018-5225-3. Epub 2018 Mar 8.
Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to an increase in reaction times to targets that appeared at a previously cued location relative to an uncued location, often investigated using a spatial cueing paradigm. Despite numerous studies that have examined many aspects of IOR, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying IOR are still in dispute. The objective of the current research is to investigate the plausible mechanisms by manipulating the cue and target types between central and peripheral stimuli in a traditional cue-target paradigm with saccadic responses to targets. In peripheral-cueing conditions, we observed inhibitory cueing effects across all cue-target onset asynchronies (CTOAs) with peripheral targets, but IOR was smaller and arose later with central targets. No inhibition was observed in central-cueing conditions at any CTOAs. Empirical data were simulated using a two-dimensional dynamic neural field model. Our results and simulations support previous work demonstrating that, at short CTOAs, behavioral inhibition is only observed with repeated stimulation-an effect of sensory adaptation. With longer CTOAs, IOR is observed regardless of target type when peripheral cueing is used. Our findings suggest that behaviorally exhibited inhibitory cueing effects can be attributed to multiple mechanisms, including both attenuation of visual stimulation and local inhibition in the superior colliculus.
返回抑制（IOR）是指相对于未提示位置，对出现在先前提示位置的目标的反应时间增加，通常使用空间提示范式进行研究。尽管有大量研究考察了IOR的诸多方面，但IOR背后的神经生理机制仍存在争议。当前研究的目的是，在传统的提示-目标范式中，通过操纵中央和外周刺激之间的提示和目标类型，并对目标进行扫视反应，来探究可能的机制。在外周提示条件下，我们观察到对于外周目标，在所有提示-目标起始异步时间（CTOA）上均存在抑制性提示效应，但对于中央目标，IOR较小且出现较晚。在中央提示条件下，任何CTOA均未观察到抑制现象。使用二维动态神经场模型对实验数据进行了模拟。我们的结果和模拟支持了先前的研究，即表明在短CTOA时，仅在重复刺激时观察到行为抑制——这是一种感觉适应效应。在较长的CTOA时，使用外周提示时，无论目标类型如何，均会观察到IOR。我们的研究结果表明，行为上表现出的抑制性提示效应可归因于多种机制，包括视觉刺激的衰减和上丘中的局部抑制。
