Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka.
Plant Cell Environ. 2018 Jul;41(7):1483-1496. doi: 10.1111/pce.13191. Epub 2018 Apr 20.
Orthophosphate (H PO , Pi) is an essential macronutrient integral to energy metabolism as well as a component of membrane lipids, nucleic acids, including ribosomal RNA, and therefore essential for protein synthesis. The Pi concentration in the solution of most soils worldwide is usually far too low for maximum growth of crops, including rice. This has prompted the massive use of inefficient, polluting, and nonrenewable phosphorus (P) fertilizers in agriculture. We urgently need alternative and more sustainable approaches to decrease agriculture's dependence on Pi fertilizers. These include manipulating crops by (a) enhancing the ability of their roots to acquire limiting Pi from the soil (i.e. increased P-acquisition efficiency) and/or (b) increasing the total biomass/yield produced per molecule of Pi acquired from the soil (i.e. increased P-use efficiency). Improved P-use efficiency may be achieved by producing high-yielding plants with lower P concentrations or by improving the remobilization of acquired P within the plant so as to maximize growth and biomass allocation to developing organs. Membrane lipid remodelling coupled with hydrolysis of RNA and smaller P-esters in senescing organs fuels P remobilization in rice, the world's most important cereal crop.
正磷酸盐（HPO42−，Pi）是一种重要的大量营养元素，对能量代谢以及膜脂、核酸（包括核糖体 RNA）必不可少，因此对蛋白质合成也必不可少。全球大多数土壤中的磷浓度通常远低于作物（包括水稻）最大生长所需的浓度。这促使农业大量使用低效、污染和不可再生的磷 (P) 肥料。我们迫切需要替代和更可持续的方法来减少农业对 Pi 肥料的依赖。这些方法包括通过以下两种方式来操纵作物：(a) 增强其根系从土壤中获取有限 Pi 的能力（即提高磷获取效率），和/或 (b) 增加从土壤中获取每分子 Pi 所产生的总生物量/产量（即提高磷利用效率）。通过生产具有较低磷浓度的高产量植物或通过改善植物内获取的磷的再利用，以最大限度地促进生长和生物量分配到发育器官，从而提高磷利用效率。膜脂重塑以及衰老器官中 RNA 和较小的 P-酯的水解为水稻（世界上最重要的谷类作物）中的磷再利用提供动力。
