Laboratori de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111 Koshland Hall, MC-3102, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, United States.
Curr Med Chem. 2018;25(30):3577-3596. doi: 10.2174/0929867325666180309124317.
Plant biofactories are biotechnological platforms based on plant cell and organ cultures used for the production of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, although to date only a few of these systems have successfully been implemented at an industrial level. Metabolic engineering is possibly the most straightforward strategy to boost pharmaceutical production in plant biofactories, but social opposition to the use of GMOs means empirical approaches are still being used. Plant secondary metabolism involves thousands of different enzymes, some of which catalyze specific reactions, giving one product from a particular substrate, whereas others can yield multiple products from the same substrate. This trait opens plant cell biofactories to new applications, in which the natural metabolic machinery of plants can be harnessed for the bioconversion of phytochemicals or even the production of new bioactive compounds. Synthetic biological pipelines involving the bioconversion of natural substrates into products with a high market value may be established by the heterologous expression of target metabolic genes in model plants.
To summarize the state of the art of plant biofactories and their applications for the pipeline production of cosme-, pharma- and biopharmaceuticals.
In order to demonstrate the great potential of plant biofactories for multiple applications in the biotechnological production of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, this review broadly covers the following: plant biofactories based on cell and hairy root cultures; secondary metabolite production; biotransformation reactions; metabolic engineering tools applied in plant biofactories; and biopharmaceutical production.
植物生物工厂是基于植物细胞和器官培养的生物技术平台，用于生产药物和生物制药，尽管迄今为止，只有少数几个系统在工业水平上成功实施。代谢工程可能是提高植物生物工厂中药物生产的最直接策略，但由于社会反对使用转基因生物，经验方法仍在使用。植物次生代谢涉及数千种不同的酶，其中一些酶催化特定的反应，从特定的底物中产生一种产物，而其他酶可以从同一底物中产生多种产物。这种特性使植物细胞生物工厂能够应用于新的领域，即可以利用植物的天然代谢机制来生物转化植物化学物质，甚至生产新的生物活性化合物。通过在模式植物中异源表达目标代谢基因，可以建立涉及将天然底物生物转化为具有高市场价值产品的合成生物学管道。
总结植物生物工厂及其在化妆品、药物和生物制药管道生产中的应用的最新技术。
为了展示植物生物工厂在药物和生物制药生物技术生产中的多种应用的巨大潜力，本综述广泛涵盖了以下内容：基于细胞和发根培养的植物生物工厂；次生代谢产物的生产；生物转化反应；应用于植物生物工厂的代谢工程工具；以及生物制药生产。
