National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2018 Nov;186(1):52-67. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1289-y. Epub 2018 Mar 9.
Ultra-trace elements or occasionally beneficial elements (OBE) are the new categories of minerals including vanadium (V). The importance of V is attributed due to its multifaceted biological roles, i.e., glucose and lipid metabolism as an insulin-mimetic, antilipemic and a potent stress alleviating agent in diabetes when vanadium is administered at lower doses. It competes with iron for transferrin (binding site for transportation) and with lactoferrin as it is secreted in milk also. The intracellular enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase, causing the dephosphorylation at beta subunit of the insulin receptor, is inhibited by vanadium, thus facilitating the uptake of glucose inside the cell but only in the presence of insulin. Vanadium could be useful as a potential immune-stimulating agent and also as an antiinflammatory therapeutic metallodrug targeting various diseases. Physiological state and dose of vanadium compounds hold importance in causing toxicity also. Research has been carried out mostly on laboratory animals but evidence for vanadium importance as a therapeutic agent are available in humans and large animals also. This review examines the potential biochemical and molecular role, possible kinetics and distribution, essentiality, immunity, and toxicity-related study of vanadium in a biological system.
超微量元素或偶尔有益元素 (OBE) 是新的矿物质类别，包括钒 (V)。钒的重要性归因于其多方面的生物学作用，即在较低剂量下，钒作为胰岛素模拟物、抗脂血症和糖尿病强效应激缓解剂，参与葡萄糖和脂质代谢。钒与转铁蛋白竞争（用于运输的结合位点），也与乳铁蛋白竞争，因为它在牛奶中分泌。细胞内酶蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抑制胰岛素受体β亚基的去磷酸化，从而促进细胞内葡萄糖的摄取，但仅在胰岛素存在的情况下。钒可用作潜在的免疫刺激剂，也可用作针对各种疾病的抗炎治疗金属药物。钒化合物的生理状态和剂量对其毒性也很重要。研究主要在实验动物上进行，但在人类和大型动物中也有证据表明钒作为治疗剂的重要性。本文综述了钒在生物系统中的潜在生化和分子作用、可能的动力学和分布、必需性、免疫和毒性相关研究。
