Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
College of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Environ Int. 2018 May;114:266-279. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Mar 7.
Under great efforts in fighting against serious haze problem of China since 2013, decreasing of air pollutants especially for fine particles (PM) has been revealed for several key regions. This study tried to answer whether the reduction of PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was coincident with PM because of long-term pollution control measures (PCM), and to assess source-oriented health risks associated with inhalation exposure to PAHs. Field measurements were carried out before and after the publishing of local air pollution protection plan for Nanjing, a mega-city in east China. Results indicated that the air quality was substantially improving, with a significant reduction in annual average PM by 34%, and moreover, PM-bound PAHs significantly reduced by 63% (p < 0.001). The remarkable reduction was mainly attributable to the change of emission sources, compared to the influence of atmospheric circulation patterns, surface meteorological conditions, and atmospheric chemical reaction. Four PAHs sources including coal combustion (CC), petroleum and oil burning (PO), wood burning (WB) and vehicle emission (VE) were identified. On an annual basis, contributions to ambient PM-PAHs from WB, PO, CC and VE sources in the period before the action of control measures were 2.26, 2.20, 1.96 and 5.62 ng m, respectively. They reduced to 1.09, 0.37, 1.31 and 1.77 ng m for the four source types, with the reduction percentages as 51, 83, 33 and 68%, respectively. The estimated reduction in lifetime lung cancer risk was around 61%. The study that firstly assessed the health effects of PAHs reduction as a co-benefit raised by air PCM sustained for a long period is believed to be applicable and referential for other mega-cities around the world for assessing the benefits of PCM.
自 2013 年以来，中国在大力治理严重雾霾问题，几个关键地区的空气污染物，特别是细颗粒物（PM）的浓度都有所下降。本研究试图回答长期污染控制措施（PCM）是否会导致 PM 结合多环芳烃（PAHs）的减少，以及评估与吸入 PAHs 暴露相关的基于来源的健康风险。在南京市（中国东部的一个特大城市）发布地方空气污染防治计划之前和之后进行了实地测量。结果表明，空气质量有了很大的改善，年平均 PM 浓度显著下降了 34%，而且 PM 结合的 PAHs 浓度也显著下降了 63%（p<0.001）。与大气环流模式、地面气象条件和大气化学反应的影响相比，这种显著的减少主要归因于排放源的变化。鉴定出包括煤炭燃烧（CC）、石油和油燃烧（PO）、木材燃烧（WB）和车辆排放（VE）在内的四个 PAHs 源。在没有采取控制措施之前，WB、PO、CC 和 VE 对环境 PM-PAHs 的贡献分别为每年 2.26、2.20、1.96 和 5.62ngm。这四个源的贡献分别减少到 1.09、0.37、1.31 和 1.77ngm，减少比例分别为 51%、83%、33%和 68%。预计终生肺癌风险降低约 61%。本研究首次评估了作为长期持续空气污染控制措施的共同效益的 PAHs 减少对健康的影响，这对于评估其他特大城市空气污染控制措施的效益具有适用性和参考价值。
