Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian & Economic University 25, Voroshilov Str., Dnipropetrovsk 49027, Ukraine.
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Jun;237:569-580. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.053. Epub 2018 Mar 15.
The work was conducted to establish contamination from improper disposal of hazardous wastes containing lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) into nearby soils. Besides other elements in the affected area, the biological role of Sb, its behaviour in the pedosphere and uptake by plants and the food chain was considered. Wastes contained 139532 ± 9601 mg kg (≈14%) Pb and 3645 ± 194 mg kg (≈0.4%) Sb respectively and variability was extremely high at a decimetre scale. Dramatically high concentrations were also found for As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sn and Zn. In adjacent natural soils metal(oid)s amounts decreased considerably (Pb 5034 ± 678 mg kg, Sb 112 mg kg) though largely exceeded the directives for a given soil use. Metal(oid)s potential mobility was assessed by using HO→KNO→EDTA sequential extractions, and EDTA extracts showed the highest concentration suggesting stable humus-metal complexes formation. Nevertheless, selected plants showed high absorption potential of the investigated elements. Pb and Sb values for Dittrichia viscosa grown in wastes was 899 ± 627 mg kg and 37 ± 33 mg kg respectively. The same plant showed 154 ± 99 mg kg Pb and 8 ± 4 mg kg Sb in natural soils. Helichrysum stoechas had 323 ± 305 mg kg Pb, and 8 ± 3 mg kg Sb. Vitis vinifera from alongside vineyards contained 129 ± 88 mg kg Pb and 18 ± 9 mg kg Sb, indicating ability for metal uptake and warning on metal diffusion through the food chain. The biological absorption coefficient (BAC) and the translocation factor (TF) assigned phytoextraction potential to Dittrichia viscosa and Foeniculum vulgare and phytostabilization potential to Helichrysum stoechas. Dissolved metal (oid)s in the analysed water strongly exceeded the current directive being a direct threat for livings. Data warned against the high contamination of the affected area in all its compartments. Even though native plants growing in metal-contaminated sites may have phytoremediation potential, high risk of metal diffusion may threat the whole ecosystem.
本研究旨在确定由于危险废物（含铅（Pb）和锑（Sb））处置不当而导致附近土壤受到污染。除了受影响地区的其他元素外，还考虑了 Sb 的生物作用、在土壤中的行为以及被植物和食物链吸收的情况。废物中分别含有 139532±9601mg/kg（约 14%）的 Pb 和 3645±194mg/kg（约 0.4%）的 Sb，其在分米尺度上的变异性极高。砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、镍（Ni）、锡（Sn）和锌（Zn）的浓度也非常高。在相邻的自然土壤中，金属（类金属）的含量大大降低（Pb 为 5034±678mg/kg，Sb 为 112mg/kg），尽管仍大大超过了给定土壤用途的指令值。通过使用 HO→KNO→EDTA 顺序提取法评估了金属（类金属）的潜在迁移性，EDTA 提取物的浓度最高，表明稳定的腐殖质-金属络合物的形成。然而，选定的植物显示出对所研究元素的高吸收潜力。在废物中生长的 Dittrichia viscosa 中 Pb 和 Sb 的含量分别为 899±627mg/kg 和 37±33mg/kg。同一植物在自然土壤中的 Pb 和 Sb 含量分别为 154±99mg/kg 和 8±4mg/kg。Helichrysum stoechas 中的 Pb 含量为 323±305mg/kg，Sb 含量为 8±3mg/kg。来自葡萄园旁的葡萄藤的 Vitis vinifera 中 Pb 和 Sb 的含量分别为 129±88mg/kg 和 18±9mg/kg，表明其具有金属吸收能力，并警告金属通过食物链扩散。生物吸收系数（BAC）和迁移因子（TF）赋予了 Dittrichia viscosa 和 Foeniculum vulgare 植物提取潜力，而 Helichrysum stoechas 则具有植物稳定潜力。分析水样中的溶解金属（类金属）含量大大超过了现行指令，直接威胁到生物的生存。数据警告称，受影响地区的所有部分都受到高度污染。即使在受金属污染的地点生长的本地植物可能具有植物修复潜力，但金属扩散的高风险也可能威胁整个生态系统。
