Nandi Munmun, Macdonald Jacqueline, Liu Peng, Weselowski Brian, Yuan Ze-Chun
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.
London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, London, ON, Canada, N5V 4T3.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2018 Mar 12;19(8):2036-50. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12678.
Bacterial canker disease is considered to be one of the most destructive diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and is caused by the seed-borne Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (Cmm). This vascular pathogen generally invades and proliferates in the xylem through natural openings or wounds, causing wilt and canker symptoms. The incidence of symptomless latent infections and the invasion of tomato seeds by Cmm are widespread. Pathogenicity is mediated by virulence factors and transcriptional regulators encoded by the chromosome and two natural plasmids. The virulence factors include serine proteases, cell wall-degrading enzymes (cellulases, xylanases, pectinases) and others. Mutational analyses of these genes and gene expression profiling (via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, transcriptomics and proteomics) have begun to shed light on their roles in colonization and virulence, whereas the expression of tomato genes in response to Cmm infection suggests plant factors involved in the defence response. These findings may aid in the generation of target-specific bactericides or new resistant varieties of tomato. Meanwhile, various chemical and biological controls have been researched to control Cmm. This review presents a detailed investigation regarding the pathogen Cmm, bacterial canker infection, molecular interactions between Cmm and tomato, and current perspectives on improved disease management.
番茄溃疡病被认为是番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）最具毁灭性的病害之一，由种子携带的革兰氏阳性细菌密歇根棒形杆菌番茄溃疡病菌（Cmm）引起。这种维管束病原菌通常通过自然孔口或伤口侵入木质部并在其中繁殖，导致萎蔫和溃疡症状。无症状潜伏感染的发生率以及Cmm对番茄种子的侵染十分普遍。致病性由染色体和两个天然质粒编码的毒力因子及转录调节因子介导。毒力因子包括丝氨酸蛋白酶、细胞壁降解酶（纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶）等。对这些基因的突变分析和基因表达谱分析（通过定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应、转录组学和蛋白质组学）已开始揭示它们在定殖和毒力中的作用，而番茄基因对Cmm感染的响应表达表明了参与防御反应的植物因子。这些发现可能有助于开发靶向性杀菌剂或新的番茄抗病品种。同时，已对多种化学和生物防治方法进行了研究以控制Cmm。本综述详细研究了病原菌Cmm、番茄溃疡病感染、Cmm与番茄之间的分子相互作用以及改进病害管理的当前观点。
