a Department of Neurology , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
b Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunological Section , University of Rostock , Rostock , Germany.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018 Apr;19(5):483-498. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1446944. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disease with an unpredictable outcome. Immune-modulatory treatment aims at decreasing long-term disability. With the increasing number of treatment options, it is essential to fully digest the possible side effects of the available therapeutics and to monitor patients is essential.
All approved disease-modifying drugs (DMD) for MS are discussed in this review. Mode of action, adverse effects, reported risks for infections and malignancies, and pregnancy related issues are discussed in the review. The authors also provide suggestions for monitoring therapy. For all approved DMDs the pivotal studies have been included for possible side effects, as well as reports by health authorities. For this manuscript, PubMed was checked for reports on side effects for various drugs.
Treatment options in MS are manifold, each carrying different risks. The safety-risk profile for approved agents is favorable. Knowing and monitoring these possible side effects is essential to minimize risks associated with treatment. Presently, the long-term experience for some of these therapies is missing and this must be addressed.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种免疫介导和神经退行性疾病，其结果不可预测。免疫调节治疗旨在减少长期残疾。随着治疗选择的增加，充分了解可用疗法的可能副作用并监测患者至关重要。
本综述讨论了所有批准用于 MS 的疾病修正药物（DMD）。本文讨论了作用机制、不良反应、感染和恶性肿瘤的报告风险，以及与妊娠相关的问题。作者还为监测治疗提供了建议。对于所有批准的 DMD，都纳入了关键性研究以了解可能的副作用，以及卫生当局的报告。对于本手稿，在 PubMed 上检查了各种药物的副作用报告。
MS 的治疗选择多种多样，每种治疗方法都有不同的风险。已批准药物的安全性风险状况良好。了解和监测这些可能的副作用对于将治疗相关风险降至最低至关重要。目前，其中一些疗法的长期经验尚缺乏，这一点必须加以解决。
