Frings Daniel, Collins Michael, Long Gavin, Pinto Isabel R, Albery Ian P
Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, United Kingdom.
University of Porto, Portugal.
Addict Behav Rep. 2016 Feb 22;3:77-85. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2016.02.003. eCollection 2016 Jun.
Engagement with self-help groups is a predictor of positive outcomes for those attempting to control their addictive behaviours. In common with other groups, self-help groups have to manage non-normative ('deviant') behaviour to ensure the social values of the group remain preserved, and the group can fulfil its aims. These processes may protect group members from relapse. Drawing on the Social Identity Model of Cessation Maintenance, the current study asked a number ( = 44) of attendees of fellowship (AA/NA/CA) and of SMART groups to list behaviours they saw as normative and deviant, and rate a variety of responses to deviant behaviours. Costs of relapse to both the self and the group were also measured alongside self-efficacy regarding cessation and identity as both an active addict and as a member of a self-help group. Results suggest that social control responses to deviance grouped into education, punishment and avoidant type responses. More social control was perceived by highly identifying self-help group members. Educational responses were seen as used by groups more extensively than other responses. Punishment responses were mediated by the perceived costs an individual's relapse incurred on the rest of the group. These findings inform our understanding of what standards of normative and deviant behaviour self-help groups hold, and how they react to violations of such norms. They also have a number of implications for practitioners and facilitators in regard to using social identities as part of the treatment process.
参与自助小组是那些试图控制成瘾行为的人取得积极成果的一个预测因素。与其他群体一样，自助小组必须管理非规范（“越轨”）行为，以确保小组的社会价值观得以保留，并且小组能够实现其目标。这些过程可能会保护小组成员避免复发。基于戒烟维持的社会认同模型，本研究要求一定数量（n = 44）参加互助会（戒酒互助会/戒毒互助会/戒瘾互助会）和SMART小组的成员列出他们认为是规范和越轨的行为，并对各种针对越轨行为的反应进行评分。除了测量戒烟自我效能以及作为活跃成瘾者和自助小组成员的身份认同外，还测量了复发对自身和小组的代价。结果表明，对越轨行为的社会控制反应分为教育、惩罚和回避型反应。高度认同的自助小组成员感受到更多的社会控制。小组使用教育反应比其他反应更为广泛。惩罚反应由个人复发给小组其他成员带来的感知代价所介导。这些发现有助于我们理解自助小组所秉持的规范和越轨行为标准，以及它们如何应对此类规范的违反情况。它们对于从业者和促进者在将社会认同作为治疗过程的一部分方面也有许多启示意义。
