Albery Ian P, Smith Rebecca, Frings Daniel, Spada Marcantonio
School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK.
Eat Weight Disord. 2025 Mar 18;30(1):27. doi: 10.1007/s40519-025-01734-3.
Orthorexia nervosa (OrNe) is an eating disorder characterised by a pathological interest and preoccupation with healthy foods and a healthy diet. Evidence suggests that tendencies towards OrNe may be prevalent across diet groups, and this is particularly the case in vegans and vegetarians. Our previous work has identified that alongside individual differences in obsessive compulsiveness and perfectionism, cognitive biases (attentional preference for healthy-related cues) are associated with OrNe, whereas explicit identity (as a vegan/vegetarian) is only associated with a healthy orthorexia form. No work has assessed whether one's known identity (explicit identity) or that form of identity which is based on fast acting cognitive associations (implicit identity) further differentiate healthy orthorexia from OrNe tendencies in addition to compulsiveness and perfectionism. One hundred and forty-four self-identified vegans (n = 45), vegetarians (n = 50) and meat-eaters (omnivores) (n = 49) (66 females, 74 males, 4 non-binary; M age = 35.09) completed measures of current hunger status, obsessive compulsivity, perfectionism, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale, perceived identity centrality as a vegan/vegetarian (explicit identity) and a "self as vegan/vegetarian" implicit association test (implicit identity). Results showed increased orthorexia tendencies in both vegans and vegetarians compared to meat eaters (omnivores) but only in terms of healthy orthorexia. In addition, no differences were shown for OrNe suggesting the diet type is not influential in pathological orthorexia. Explicit identity and current hunger status were both shown to be associated with healthy orthorexia and not OrNe. Implicit identity as a vegan/vegetarian was unrelated to both dimensions, while compulsiveness and perfectionism predicted OrNe. Despite individuals implicitly associating the self with being a vegan/vegetarian, this identity does not serve as a maker of orthorexia nervosa.
正食癖（OrNe）是一种饮食失调症，其特征是对健康食品和健康饮食存在病态的兴趣和执着。有证据表明，正食癖倾向可能在不同饮食群体中普遍存在，素食主义者和纯素食主义者的情况尤其如此。我们之前的研究发现，除了强迫性和完美主义的个体差异外，认知偏差（对健康相关线索的注意力偏好）与正食癖有关，而明确身份（作为素食主义者/纯素食主义者）仅与一种健康的正食癖形式有关。尚无研究评估一个人的已知身份（明确身份）或基于快速起效的认知关联的身份形式（隐性身份），除了强迫性和完美主义之外，是否能进一步区分健康的正食癖与正食癖倾向。144名自我认定的纯素食主义者（n = 45）、素食主义者（n = 50）和肉食者（杂食者）（n = 49）（66名女性，74名男性，4名非二元性别者；平均年龄 = 35.09岁）完成了当前饥饿状态、强迫性、完美主义、特鲁埃尔正食癖量表、作为素食主义者/纯素食主义者的感知身份中心性（明确身份）以及“自我作为素食主义者/纯素食主义者”内隐联想测验（隐性身份）的测量。结果显示，与肉食者（杂食者）相比，纯素食主义者和素食主义者的正食癖倾向均有所增加，但仅在健康正食癖方面。此外，正食癖方面未显示出差异，这表明饮食类型对病态正食癖没有影响。明确身份和当前饥饿状态均与健康正食癖有关，而与正食癖无关。作为素食主义者/纯素食主义者的隐性身份与这两个维度均无关，而强迫性和完美主义可预测正食癖。尽管个体在潜意识中将自己与素食主义者/纯素食主义者联系在一起，但这种身份并不是神经性正食癖的标志。
