Sendler Damian Jacob
Laboratory of Forensic Sexology, Legal Medicine, and Digital Ethnography, Felnett Health Research Foundation, 175 Zoe St, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States; Program in the Study of Sexual Minorities and Health Policy, Felnett Health Research Foundation: Division for Eastern Europe, Warsaw, Poland.
J Forensic Leg Med. 2018 May;56:59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2018.03.012. Epub 2018 Mar 10.
Erotic asphyxiation is a sexual phenomenon in which one partner reduces the other person's brain oxygen level through strangulation. This study analyzes deaths caused by sexually-motivated strangulation to cases of homicidal choking - summarizing criminal penalties for defendants, depending on the presence of drugs, or alcohol intoxication.
The mode of analysis involves three sources of data. First, a retrospective chart review of our clinics' two recent cases. Second, a meta-analysis of these materials in relationship to forensic reports obtained from prosecutor's office. Third, we examine the prevalence of death due to strangulation in erotic and non-erotic cases using central court database. Lastly, we provide the summary of interviews involving the country's only forensic unit, which investigates criminal cases involving voluntary and involuntary strangulation.
In total, we analyzed 15 cases of sexual asphyxiation - 2 of our own; 5 reported in prosecutor's archives; 8 control cases ruled as a non-sexual homicide. The two of our clinical cases describe two victims of voluntary erotic asphyxiation, involving complex sexual environment in which a sexual partner accidentally strangulated the other one during sex. The first case describes a 30 years-old female, who required all of her past sexual partners to choke her with hands in order to reach orgasm. The second case is that of a 41 years-old homosexual male, who was still a novice to kinky play and succumbed to death as a result of being tied with a set of ropes around his neck and body. By combining findings from the analysis of our clinic's cases with 5 files obtained from prosecutor's office - we are able to compare results of these cases to controls (involving homicidal suffocation using the plastic bag). In our cases, the defendants who avoid serving prison time for strangulating in course of erotic play typically exhibit these characteristics - at the time of the killing, they were not under influence of drugs; the deceased had documented (based on witness interview, review of personal items, or medical documentation) long-standing paraphilic disorder. In controls, the likelihood of being convicted of voluntary manslaughter was lower for people who acted under the influence of drugs but higher for those under the influence of alcohol.
These findings show that documented presence of paraphilic tendencies in the deceased might serve as grounds for not sentencing their sex partners for prison time if they acted to satisfy someone else's kinky needs.
性窒息是一种性现象,其中一方通过勒颈降低另一方大脑的氧气水平。本研究分析了因性动机勒颈导致的死亡与杀人窒息案件——根据是否存在毒品或酒精中毒情况,总结对被告的刑事处罚。
分析模式涉及三个数据来源。第一,对我们诊所最近的两起病例进行回顾性图表审查。第二,对这些材料与从检察官办公室获得的法医报告进行荟萃分析。第三,我们使用中央法院数据库研究性窒息和非性窒息案件中勒颈致死的发生率。最后,我们提供了涉及该国唯一法医部门的访谈总结,该部门调查涉及自愿和非自愿勒颈的刑事案件。
我们总共分析了15起性窒息案件——其中2起是我们诊所的;检察官档案中报告了5起;8起对照案件被判定为非性杀人案件。我们的两起临床病例描述了两名自愿性窒息受害者,涉及复杂的性环境,其中一名性伴侣在性行为中意外勒死了另一名伴侣。第一起病例描述了一名30岁女性,她要求她过去的所有性伴侣用手勒住她以达到性高潮。第二起病例是一名41岁的同性恋男性,他对变态性行为仍是新手,因脖子和身体被绳索捆绑而死亡。通过将我们诊所病例分析的结果与从检察官办公室获得的5份档案相结合——我们能够将这些病例的结果与对照病例(涉及使用塑料袋杀人窒息)进行比较。在我们的病例中,那些在性游戏过程中勒颈而避免入狱的被告通常具有这些特征——在杀人时,他们没有受到毒品影响;死者有记录在案的(基于证人访谈、个人物品审查或医疗文件)长期恋物癖障碍。在对照病例中,受毒品影响的人被判过失杀人罪的可能性较低,但受酒精影响的人被判过失杀人罪的可能性较高。
这些发现表明,如果死者有记录在案的恋物癖倾向,其性伴侣为满足他人的变态需求而采取行动时,可能不作为入狱判决的依据。