Thomsen H S, Dorph S
Acta Radiol. 1987 Mar-Apr;28(2):129-37.
Pyelography is superior to all other imaging techniques for the demonstration of fine detail in the pelveocalyceal system and the ureter. For almost 90 years it has been performed through a retrogradely inserted catheter, but during the recent 30 years antegrade injection via a transparenchymally inserted needle or catheter has become an accepted alternative, especially in case of a dilated upper urinary tract. Both methods have their advantages and their disadvantages. This article presents a review of indications, techniques, and complications. Furthermore, interventional procedures on the upper urinary tract--such as stent placement and balloon dilatation--are now handled by the radiologist, mainly through an antegrade approach. These therapeutic procedures are also reviewed.
肾盂造影在显示肾盂肾盏系统和输尿管的细微结构方面优于所有其他成像技术。在近90年的时间里，它都是通过逆行插入的导管进行的，但在最近30年里，经皮穿刺插入针或导管进行顺行注射已成为一种可接受的替代方法，尤其是在上尿路扩张的情况下。两种方法都有其优缺点。本文对适应症、技术和并发症进行了综述。此外，上尿路的介入操作，如支架置入和球囊扩张，现在主要由放射科医生通过顺行途径进行处理。本文也对这些治疗程序进行了综述。
