Centre for Nursing Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2018 Mar 13;13(3):e0192417. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192417. eCollection 2018.
Self-care behaviour is essential in preventing diabetes foot problems. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education programs based on the self-efficacy theory on foot self-care behaviour for older adults with diabetes.
A randomised controlled trial was conducted for 12 weeks among older adults with diabetes in elderly care facility in Peninsular Malaysia. Six elderly care facility were randomly allocated by an independent person into two groups (intervention and control). The intervention group (three elderly care facility) received a health education program on foot self-care behaviour while the control group (three elderly care facility) received standard care. Participants were assessed at baseline, and at week-4 and week-12 follow-ups. The primary outcome was foot-self-care behaviour. Foot care self-efficacy (efficacy expectation), foot care outcome expectation, knowledge of foot care and quality of life were the secondary outcomes. Data were analysed with Mixed Design Analysis of Variance using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0.
184 respondents were recruited but only 76 met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. Foot self-care behaviour, foot care self-efficacy (efficacy expectation), foot care outcome expectation and knowledge of foot care improved in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, some of these improvements did not significantly differ compared to the control group for QoL physical symptoms and QoL psychosocial functioning (p > 0.05).
The self-efficacy enhancing program improved foot self-care behaviour with respect to the delivered program. It is expected that in the future, the self-efficacy theory can be incorporated into diabetes education to enhance foot self-care behaviour for elderly with diabetes living in other institutional care facilities.
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12616000210471.
自我护理行为对于预防糖尿病足问题至关重要。本研究旨在评估基于自我效能理论的健康教育计划对老年糖尿病患者足部自我护理行为的有效性。
在马来西亚半岛的老年护理机构中，对 12 周的老年糖尿病患者进行了一项随机对照试验。由一名独立人员将六家老年护理机构随机分为两组（干预组和对照组）。干预组（三家老年护理机构）接受足部自我护理行为的健康教育计划，而对照组（三家老年护理机构）接受标准护理。参与者在基线、第 4 周和第 12 周随访时进行评估。主要结果是足部自我护理行为。足部护理自我效能（效能期望）、足部护理结果期望、足部护理知识和生活质量是次要结果。使用社会科学统计软件包 22.0 版的混合设计方差分析对数据进行分析。
共招募了 184 名受访者，但只有 76 名符合入选标准并纳入分析。与对照组相比，干预组的足部自我护理行为、足部护理自我效能（效能期望）、足部护理结果期望和足部护理知识均有所改善（p < 0.05）。然而，与对照组相比，生活质量的一些物理症状和心理社会功能方面的改善并没有显著差异（p > 0.05）。
增强自我效能感的计划改善了与所提供计划相关的足部自我护理行为。预计在未来，自我效能理论可以纳入糖尿病教育中，以增强生活在其他机构护理设施中的老年糖尿病患者的足部自我护理行为。
澳大利亚和新西兰临床试验注册 ACTRN12616000210471。
