Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2024 Feb 2;43(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00519-1.
Older adults are a vulnerable group that is at risk of poor nutritional status, which can lead to disease and increase their healthcare costs. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of a self-efficacy intervention on the nutritional status of older adults.
A controlled before and after study was conducted on 110 older adults in the Mashhad, Iran, from 2020 to 2022. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 55) and control groups (n = 55). Participants in the intervention group received educational training that was based on the self-efficacy theory. The control group received the routine care. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, and standard self-efficacy questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed at baseline (before intervention), instantly after the intervention, and at 3-months follow-up by participants in both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.
The Mean of nutritional status in the intervention group, at the baseline, immediately after intervention and 3 months of follow-up were 25.1 ± 2.3, 28.3 ± 5.2 and 27.6 ± 6., respectively. This increase was significant (p < 0.001). Our findings revealed that self-efficacy among participants in the intervention group significantly changed (P < 0.001) across time from baseline through follow-up. There was no significant difference in the mean of self-efficacy and nutritional status in the control group during the study period (P > 0.05).
This current study provided a basis to examine in the effectiveness of such intervention using a properly powered randomized controlled study. Therefore, it can be concluded that self-efficacy interventions are a promising approach to improving the nutritional behaviors of the older adults.
IRCT20160619028529N9.
老年人是一个弱势群体，他们面临营养状况不佳的风险，这可能导致疾病并增加医疗保健费用。我们的研究旨在调查自我效能干预对老年人营养状况的影响。
2020 年至 2022 年，在伊朗马什哈德对 110 名老年人进行了一项对照前后研究。参与者被随机分配到干预组（n=55）和对照组（n=55）。干预组接受基于自我效能理论的教育培训。对照组接受常规护理。数据收集工具包括人口统计学信息问卷、迷你营养评估问卷和标准自我效能问卷。两组参与者均在基线（干预前）、干预后即刻和 3 个月随访时填写问卷。使用 SPSS 版本 25 进行数据分析，显著性水平设为小于 0.05。
干预组的营养状况平均值在基线时为 25.1±2.3，干预后即刻为 28.3±5.2，3 个月随访时为 27.6±6.。这一增加具有显著意义（p<0.001）。我们的研究结果表明，干预组参与者的自我效能在基线至随访期间随时间显著变化（p<0.001）。在研究期间，对照组的自我效能和营养状况平均值没有显著差异（p>0.05）。
本研究为使用适当功率的随机对照研究检验此类干预的有效性提供了依据。因此，可以得出结论，自我效能干预是改善老年人营养行为的一种有前途的方法。
IRCT20160619028529N9。
