Esmaeili Alireza, Stewart Andrew M, Hopkins William G, Elias George P, Lazarus Brendan H, Rowell Amber E, Aughey Robert J
Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Western Bulldogs Football Club, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Physiol. 2018 Feb 27;9:144. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00144. eCollection 2018.
The sit and reach test (S&R), dorsiflexion lunge test (DLT), and adductor squeeze test (AST) are commonly used in weekly musculoskeletal screening for athlete monitoring and injury prevention purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the normal week to week variability of the test scores, individual differences in variability, and the effects of training load on the scores. Forty-four elite Australian rules footballers from one club completed the weekly screening tests on day 2 or 3 post-main training (pre-season) or post-match (in-season) over a 10 month season. Ratings of perceived exertion and session duration for all training sessions were used to derive various measures of training load via both simple summations and exponentially weighted moving averages. Data were analyzed via linear and quadratic mixed modeling and interpreted using magnitude-based inference. Substantial small to moderate variability was found for the tests at both season phases; for example over the in-season, the normal variability ±90% confidence limits were as follows: S&R ±1.01 cm, ±0.12; DLT ±0.48 cm, ±0.06; AST ±7.4%, ±0.6%. Small individual differences in variability existed for the S&R and AST (factor standard deviations between 1.31 and 1.66). All measures of training load had trivial effects on the screening scores. A change in a test score larger than the normal variability is required to be considered a true change. Athlete monitoring and flagging systems need to account for the individual differences in variability. The tests are not sensitive to internal training load when conducted 2 or 3 days post-training or post-match, and the scores should be interpreted cautiously when used as measures of recovery.
坐位体前屈测试（S&R）、背屈弓步测试（DLT）和内收肌挤压测试（AST）常用于每周的肌肉骨骼筛查，以监测运动员并预防损伤。本研究的目的是确定测试分数的每周正常变异性、变异性的个体差异以及训练负荷对分数的影响。来自一个俱乐部的44名澳大利亚精英橄榄球运动员在为期10个月的赛季中，于主要训练（季前赛）或比赛后（赛季中）的第2天或第3天完成了每周筛查测试。所有训练课程的主观用力程度评级和课程时长通过简单求和和指数加权移动平均值来得出各种训练负荷指标。数据通过线性和二次混合模型进行分析，并使用基于量级的推理进行解释。在两个赛季阶段，这些测试都存在显著的小到中等变异性；例如，在赛季中，正常变异性±90%置信区间如下：坐位体前屈测试±1.01厘米，±0.12；背屈弓步测试±0.48厘米，±0.06；内收肌挤压测试±7.4%，±0.6%。坐位体前屈测试和内收肌挤压测试存在小的个体变异性差异（因子标准差在1.31至1.66之间）。所有训练负荷指标对筛查分数的影响都微不足道。测试分数的变化大于正常变异性时，才被认为是真正的变化。运动员监测和标记系统需要考虑变异性的个体差异。在训练或比赛后2或3天进行测试时，这些测试对内部训练负荷不敏感，用作恢复指标时，分数的解读应谨慎。
