National Suicide Research Foundation, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK.
Eur J Public Health. 2018 Aug 1;28(4):681-686. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cky031.
Intentional drug overdose (IDO) is the most common form of hospital-treated self-harm, yet no national study has systematically classified the range of drugs involved using a validated system. We aimed to determine the profile of patients engaging in overdose, to identify drugs frequently used and to quantify the contributions of multiple drug use and alcohol involvement.
Between 2012 and 2014, the National Self-Harm Registry, Ireland recorded 18 329 presentations of non-fatal IDO to Irish emergency departments. Information on demographic and overdose characteristics were obtained. Drugs were categorized using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system.
Analgesics (32.4%), antidepressants (21.9%), anxiolytics (21.2%) and hypnotics and sedatives (21.0%) were the most frequently used drugs types involved in overdose. Presentations involving analgesic and antidepressant medication were more common for females whereas males more often took illegal, anxiolytic and hypnotic and sedative drugs. Overdoses with drugs other than those which affect the nervous system were identified, including musculoskeletal drugs, taken in 12.0% of presentations. Paracetamol was the most frequently used drug, particularly among females (32.0%) and persons under 25 years (36.2%). Alcohol was most often present in overdoses involving anxiolytics and illegal drugs. Multiple drug use was a factor in almost half (47.1%) of presentations.
People who engage in IDO frequently take prescription only or sales restricted drugs, often involving alcohol and/or multiple drug use. These findings highlight the importance of addressing drug and alcohol misuse, potential inappropriate prescribing and the enforcement of legislation restricting specific drug sales.
故意药物过量（IDO）是医院治疗的最常见的自伤形式，但没有全国性的研究使用经过验证的系统系统地对涉及的药物范围进行分类。我们旨在确定参与过量的患者的特征，确定经常使用的药物，并量化多种药物使用和酒精参与的程度。
2012 年至 2014 年期间，爱尔兰国家自伤登记处记录了爱尔兰急诊部门收治的 18329 例非致命性 IDO 病例。获取了人口统计学和过量特征的信息。使用解剖治疗化学分类系统对药物进行分类。
镇痛药（32.4%）、抗抑郁药（21.9%）、抗焦虑药（21.2%）和催眠镇静药（21.0%）是涉及过量的最常用药物类型。涉及镇痛药和抗抑郁药的病例在女性中更为常见，而男性则更常服用非法的、抗焦虑和催眠镇静药物。除了影响神经系统的药物外，还发现了其他药物的过量，包括肌肉骨骼药物，在 12.0%的病例中被使用。对乙酰氨基酚是最常使用的药物，特别是在女性（32.0%）和 25 岁以下的人群（36.2%）中。酒精在涉及抗焦虑药和非法药物的过量中最常见。几乎一半（47.1%）的病例涉及多种药物使用。
参与 IDO 的人经常服用处方药或销售受限的药物，经常涉及酒精和/或多种药物使用。这些发现强调了解决药物和酒精滥用、潜在不适当处方以及执行限制特定药物销售的法规的重要性。
