Sudhir Paulomi M
Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;60(Suppl 4):S479-S484. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_15_18.
Cognitive behaviour therapy is a structured, time limited, psychological intervention that has is empirically supported across a wide variety of psychological disorders. CBT for addictive behaviours can be traced back to the application of learning theories in understanding addiction and subsequently to social cognitive theories. The focus of CBT is manifold and the focus is on targeting maintaining factors of addictive behaviours and preventing relapse. Relapse prevention programmes are based on social cognitive and cognitive behavioural principles. Interventions for preventing relapse include, behavioural strategies to decrease the valence of addictive behaviours, coping skills to deal with craving, arousal, negative mood states, assertiveness skills to manage social pressures, family psychoeducation and environmental manipulation and cognitive strategies to enhance self-efficacy beliefs and modification of outcome expectancies related to addictive behaviours. More recent developments in the area of managing addictions include third wave behaviour therapies. Third wave behaviour therapies are focused on improving building awareness, and distress tolerance skills using mindfulness practices. These approaches have shown promise, and more recently the neurobiological underpinnings of mindfulness strategies have been studied. The article provides an overview of cognitive behavioural approaches to managing addictions.
认知行为疗法是一种结构化、有时间限制的心理干预方法，在多种心理障碍中都得到了实证支持。针对成瘾行为的认知行为疗法可以追溯到学习理论在理解成瘾方面的应用，以及随后的社会认知理论。认知行为疗法的重点是多方面的，其重点在于针对成瘾行为的维持因素并预防复发。复发预防计划基于社会认知和认知行为原则。预防复发的干预措施包括：减少成瘾行为吸引力的行为策略、应对渴望和唤醒的应对技巧、处理消极情绪状态的技巧、管理社会压力的自信技巧、家庭心理教育和环境操纵，以及增强自我效能信念和改变与成瘾行为相关的结果预期的认知策略。成瘾管理领域的最新进展包括第三波行为疗法。第三波行为疗法专注于通过正念练习提高觉察力和痛苦耐受力。这些方法已显示出前景，最近人们还对正念策略的神经生物学基础进行了研究。本文概述了管理成瘾的认知行为方法。
