Rout B K, Sikdar B K
Assistant General Manager (Medical), Jindal Stainless limited, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Deputy Chief Inspector of Factories (Med) and Certifying Surgeon, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2017 May-Aug;21(2):56-76. doi: 10.4103/ijoem.IJOEM_19_16.
With the growing numbers of iron ore pelletization industries in India, various impacts on environment and health in relation to the workplace will rise. Therefore, understanding the hazardous process is crucial in the development of effective control measures. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control measures (HIRAC) acts as an effective tool of Occupational Health Assessment.
The aim of the study was to identify all the possible hazards at different workplaces of an iron ore pelletizing industry, to conduct an occupational health risk assessment, to calculate the risk rating based on the risk matrix, and to compare the risk rating before and after the control measures.
The research was a cross-sectional study done from March to December 2015 in an iron ore pelletizing industry located in Odisha, India. Data from the survey were collected by inspecting the workplace, responses of employees regarding possible hazards in their workplace, reviewing department procedure manual, work instructions, standard operating procedure, previous incident reports, material safety data sheet, first aid/injury register, and health record of employees.
A total of 116 hazards were identified. Results of the paired-sample's -test showed that mean risk rating differs before taking control measures (M = 9.13, SD = 5.99) and after taking control measures (M = 2.80, SD = 1.38) at the 0.0001 level of significance ( = 12.6428, df = 115, N = 116, < 0.0001, 95% CI for mean difference 5.34 to 7.32). On an average, risk reduction was about 6.33 points lower after taking control measures.
The hazards having high-risk rating and above were reduced to a level considered As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) when the control measures were applied, thereby reducing the occurrence of injury or disease in the workplace.
随着印度铁矿石球团行业数量的不断增加，与工作场所相关的各种环境和健康影响将会上升。因此，了解危险过程对于制定有效的控制措施至关重要。危险识别、风险评估和控制措施（HIRAC）是职业健康评估的有效工具。
本研究的目的是识别铁矿石球团行业不同工作场所的所有可能危害，进行职业健康风险评估，根据风险矩阵计算风险等级，并比较控制措施前后的风险等级。
该研究是一项横断面研究，于2015年3月至12月在印度奥里萨邦的一家铁矿石球团行业进行。通过检查工作场所、员工对其工作场所可能危害的回答、审查部门程序手册、工作说明、标准操作程序、以前的事故报告、材料安全数据表、急救/伤害登记册以及员工的健康记录来收集调查数据。
共识别出116种危害。配对样本t检验结果显示，在0.0001的显著性水平下，采取控制措施前的平均风险等级（M = 9.13，SD = 5.99）与采取控制措施后的平均风险等级（M = 2.80，SD = 1.38）存在差异（t = 12.6428，df = 115，N = 116，p < 0.0001，平均差异的95%置信区间为5.34至7.32）。平均而言，采取控制措施后风险降低了约6.33分。
当应用控制措施时，高风险等级及以上的危害降低到了合理可行的最低水平（ALARP），从而减少了工作场所伤害或疾病的发生。
