Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.
Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Mar 15;15(3):527. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15030527.
Pediatric overweight and obesity has become a major public health problem in China. The goal of this study is to understand overweight and obesity in preschool children in Changsha City in the context of their sleep and physical activity. These results offer feasible proposals to reduce levels of overweight and obesity among preschool children.
A total of 112 preschoolers aged three to six years old were investigated using multiple stage stratified cluster sampling and simple random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect general information about children and their families. Body mass index (BMI) was used as an indicator of overweight and obesity. Age- and sex-specific cutoff values for Chinese children and adolescents were used to determine child weight status. Children's sedentary time was reported by caregivers, while physical activity and sleep were recorded using fitness bracelets (Misfit Shine 2).
The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity were 15.2% and 9.8% respectively. Preschool-aged children travelled 11,111 ± 3357 and 10,350 ± 2973 steps per day on weekdays and weekends respectively. The number of daily steps was not statistically different between weekdays and weekends. The amount of time spent daily doing vigorous activity on weekdays and weekends was significantly different, with an average time of 20.5 ± 31.6 min and 10.3 ± 15.3 min respectively ( = 0.002). Furthermore, 10.7% and 50.9% of children used screens for more than two hours on weekdays and weekends respectively ( < 0.001). Children slept for significantly longer on weekends (8.3 ± 0.9 h) than on weekdays (8.1 ± 0.7 h) ( = 0.037). A significantly higher proportion of students also fell asleep before 10:00 p.m. on weekends (26.8%) compared to weekdays (15.2%) ( < 0.001). Parent's BMI values were positively correlated with child BMI, the monthly household income was negatively associated with child BMI. Male children were more likely to have a higher BMI than female children. Children who were obese were also more likely to have shorter sleep times compared to children of normal weight ( = 0.047).
There was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Chinese preschool children in this study. Students also demonstrated poor sleep and physical activity habits. Future research is necessary to explore the relationship between sleep, physical activity and weight status for young children in China.
儿童超重和肥胖已成为中国一个主要的公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是了解长沙市学龄前儿童超重和肥胖与睡眠和身体活动的关系。这些结果为降低学龄前儿童超重和肥胖水平提供了可行的建议。
采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样和单纯随机抽样方法，对 112 名 3 至 6 岁的学龄前儿童进行调查。采用问卷收集儿童及其家庭的一般信息。体重指数（BMI）作为超重和肥胖的指标。采用中国儿童和青少年的年龄和性别特异性截断值来确定儿童的体重状况。儿童的久坐时间由照顾者报告，而身体活动和睡眠则使用健身手环（Misfit Shine 2）记录。
儿童超重和肥胖的患病率分别为 15.2%和 9.8%。学龄前儿童在工作日和周末分别平均每天行走 11111 ± 3357 步和 10350 ± 2973 步。工作日和周末每天的步数没有统计学差异。工作日和周末每天进行剧烈活动的时间有显著差异，平均分别为 20.5 ± 31.6 分钟和 10.3 ± 15.3 分钟（ = 0.002）。此外，分别有 10.7%和 50.9%的儿童在工作日和周末使用屏幕的时间超过 2 小时（ < 0.001）。儿童在周末（8.3 ± 0.9 小时）比工作日（8.1 ± 0.7 小时）睡得更长（ = 0.037）。周末有更高比例的学生（26.8%）在晚上 10 点前入睡，而工作日为 15.2%（ < 0.001）。父母的 BMI 值与儿童的 BMI 值呈正相关，家庭月收入与儿童的 BMI 值呈负相关。男童的 BMI 值高于女童。肥胖儿童的睡眠时间也比正常体重儿童短（ = 0.047）。
本研究中，中国学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的患病率较高。学生也表现出较差的睡眠和身体活动习惯。未来的研究有必要探讨中国幼儿的睡眠、身体活动与体重状况之间的关系。
