Le Bouc Raphaël, Pessiglione Mathias
Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) lab, institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Inserm U1127, CNRS U9225, université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France - Urgences cérébro-vasculaires, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Motivation, Brain and Behavior (MBB) lab, institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France - Inserm U1127, CNRS U9225, université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), Paris, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2018 Mar;34(3):238-246. doi: 10.1051/medsci/20183403012. Epub 2018 Mar 16.
Motivation can be defined as the function that orients and activates the behavior. Motivation deficits such as apathy are pervasive in both neurological and psychiatric diseases, and are currently assessed with clinical scales that do not give any mechanistic insight. Here, we present another approach that consists in phenotyping the behaviour of patients in motivation tests, using computational models. These formal models impose a precise and operational definition of motivation that is embedded in decision theory. We then review basic and clinical studies that have investigated the neural bases of motivation processes and shown the involvement of specific cortical, subcortical and neuromodulatory systems. Finally, we emphasize the promises of computational phenotyping for clinical purposes, as it may not only give insight into motivation deficits but also help personalize treatment.
动机可被定义为引导和激活行为的功能。诸如冷漠等动机缺陷在神经疾病和精神疾病中都很普遍，目前是通过临床量表进行评估的，但这些量表无法提供任何机制方面的见解。在此，我们提出另一种方法，即使用计算模型对患者在动机测试中的行为进行表型分析。这些形式模型对动机给出了精确且可操作的定义，该定义植根于决策理论。然后，我们回顾了基础研究和临床研究，这些研究调查了动机过程的神经基础，并表明特定的皮质、皮质下和神经调节系统参与其中。最后，我们强调了计算表型分析在临床应用中的前景，因为它不仅可以深入了解动机缺陷，还可能有助于实现个性化治疗。
