Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nuffield Dept. of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Dept. of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bone. 2019 Jan;118:42-46. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.011. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological malignancy and is the second most common blood cancer in adults; it is caused by the clonal expansion of abnormal plasma cells within the bone marrow and characterized by osteolytic bone lesions, bone pain, renal disease, and immunodeficiency. MM cells infiltrate the bone marrow where they hijack the microenvironment to sustain growth and survival. The contribution to this process by resident bone cells is well defined. However, the role of bone marrow adipocytes is less clear. As one of the most abundant cell types in the bone marrow these cells are surprisingly understudied. However, in the last few decades they have been recognised as having endocrine function. Adipocytes are metabolically active cells that secrete adipokines, growth factors, and inflammatory mediators, they influence the behaviour and function of neighbouring cells; and have the potential to dysregulate normal bone homeostasis. This review discusses how adipocytes contribute to the metastatic niche in multiple myeloma and cancers that metastasise to the bone and how these new discoveries may contribute to further understanding the mechanisms driving the devastating bone disease associated with MM.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种不可治愈的血液恶性肿瘤，是成年人中第二常见的血液癌；它是由骨髓中异常浆细胞的克隆性扩张引起的，其特征是溶骨性骨病变、骨痛、肾脏疾病和免疫缺陷。骨髓瘤细胞浸润骨髓，在那里它们劫持微环境以维持生长和存活。驻留骨细胞在这个过程中的贡献已经得到很好的定义。然而，骨髓脂肪细胞的作用则不太明确。作为骨髓中最丰富的细胞类型之一，这些细胞的研究出人意料地较少。然而，在过去的几十年中，它们已被确认为具有内分泌功能。脂肪细胞是代谢活跃的细胞，可分泌脂肪因子、生长因子和炎症介质，它们影响邻近细胞的行为和功能，并有可能使正常的骨稳态失调。这篇综述讨论了脂肪细胞如何促进多发性骨髓瘤和转移到骨骼的癌症的转移灶微环境，以及这些新发现如何有助于进一步了解驱动与 MM 相关的破坏性骨病的机制。
