Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark; Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Neuroimaging Research Group, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 May;88:84-97. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.013. Epub 2018 Mar 14.
Neuroplasticity is a well-described phenomenon, but effects of non-pharmacological interventions on white matter (WM) are unclear. Here we review associations between active non-pharmacological interventions and WM organization in healthy subjects and in psychiatric patients.
A systematic review of non-psychiatric and psychiatric studies in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. We included longitudinal, controlled studies in human participants aged 18-60 years published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2017. Studies required active interventions lasting between one day and one year, targeting cognitive-, motor- or sensory domains. The primary outcome was intervention-related brain changes in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) derived measures.
We included 25 studies. Twenty studies reported positive findings. Five studies investigated psychiatric patients. Nine randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) reported DWI changes following cognitive interventions. Interventions were too heterogeneous to perform a meta-analysis. Intervention duration of at least eight weeks appeared required to induce consistent WM changes.
Non-pharmacological interventions can induce changes in WM. DWI is a relevant correlate of e.g. cognitive training in prospective, long-term RCTs of psychiatric patients.
神经可塑性是一种被充分描述的现象，但非药物干预对脑白质（WM）的影响尚不清楚。本研究综述了在健康受试者和精神疾病患者中，积极的非药物干预与 WM 组织之间的关联。
对 MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 数据库中的非精神科和精神科研究进行系统综述。我们纳入了在同行评审期刊上发表的、2000 年至 2017 年间针对年龄在 18-60 岁的人类参与者的、为期一天至一年的、以认知、运动或感觉领域为目标的纵向、对照研究。主要结局指标是扩散加权成像（DWI）衍生测量中与干预相关的脑变化。
我们纳入了 25 项研究。其中 20 项研究报告了阳性结果。有 5 项研究调查了精神疾病患者。9 项随机对照试验（RCT）报告了认知干预后 DWI 的变化。干预措施过于多样化，无法进行荟萃分析。至少 8 周的干预持续时间似乎是诱导一致的 WM 变化所必需的。
非药物干预可以诱导 WM 变化。DWI 是前瞻性、长期 RCT 中认知训练等的一个相关指标，可用于精神疾病患者。
