Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2018 Oct;1860(10):2012-2017. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.010. Epub 2018 Mar 14.
One of the main questions in the membrane biology is the functional roles of membrane heterogeneity and molecular localization. Although segregation and local enrichment of protein/lipid components (rafts) have been extensively studied, the presence and functions of such membrane domains still remain elusive. Along with biochemical, cell observation, and simulation studies, model membranes are emerging as an important tool for understanding the biological membrane, providing quantitative information on the physicochemical properties of membrane proteins and lipids. Segregation of fluid lipid bilayer into liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases has been studied as a simplified model of raft in model membranes, including giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs), and supported lipid bilayers (SLB). Partition coefficients of membrane proteins between Lo and Ld phases were measured to gauze their affinities to lipid rafts (raftophilicity). One important development in model membrane is patterned SLB based on the microfabrication technology. Patterned Lo/Ld phases have been applied to study the partition and function of membrane-bound molecules. Quantitative information of individual molecular species attained by model membranes is critical for elucidating the molecular functions in the complex web of molecular interactions. The present review gives a short account of the model membranes developed for studying the lateral heterogeneity, especially focusing on patterned model membranes on solid substrates.
膜生物学中的一个主要问题是膜异质性和分子定位的功能作用。尽管已经广泛研究了蛋白质/脂质成分（筏）的隔离和局部富集，但这些膜域的存在和功能仍然难以捉摸。除了生化、细胞观察和模拟研究外，模型膜作为理解生物膜的重要工具也崭露头角，为膜蛋白和脂质的物理化学性质提供了定量信息。在模型膜中，将流体脂质双层分离成有序液体（Lo）和无序液体（Ld）相已被研究为筏的简化模型，包括巨大的单分子层囊泡（GUVs）、巨大的质膜囊泡（GPMVs）和支持的脂质双层（SLB）。通过测量膜蛋白在 Lo 和 Ld 相之间的分配系数来衡量它们与脂质筏的亲和力（亲脂性）。模型膜的一个重要发展是基于微制造技术的图案化 SLB。已经应用图案化的 Lo/Ld 相来研究膜结合分子的分配和功能。通过模型膜获得的单个分子种类的定量信息对于阐明复杂分子相互作用网络中的分子功能至关重要。本综述简要介绍了为研究侧向异质性而开发的模型膜，特别是重点介绍了在固体基底上的图案化模型膜。
