Rockhold R W, Jin C, Huang H M, Farley J M
Neuropharmacology. 1987 Jun;26(6):567-73. doi: 10.1016/0028-3908(87)90149-3.
The responses of systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rate to intra-cerebral injections of the excitatory neurotoxin, kainic acid, were examined in urethane-anesthetized rats. Injections of kainic acid into the antero-dorsal medial hypothalamus produced dose-related increases in both blood pressure and heart rate over a range of 30-1000 ng. Exophthalmos, mydriasis, increased respiratory rate and movements of the vibrissae were also noted. Injections of 1000 ng of kainic acid into the antero-dorsal medial hypothalamus produced significantly greater increases in blood pressure and heart rate than comparable injections of equimolar doses of the excitatory neurotoxins, quisqualic acid, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid or quinolinic acid. No differences in the magnitude of the cardiovascular responses to 1000 ng of kainic acid were detected between injections directed towards the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), lateral hypothalamus or lateral cerebral ventricle. In contrast, at doses of 30 ng, injections directed towards the paraventricular nucleus produced significantly greater responses than comparable injections into the lateral hypothalamus, medial thalamus or lateral cerebral ventricle. The distribution of radiolabelled kainic acid at this dose was found to extend ipsilaterally in the medial hypothalamus as far as 1 mm rostral and caudal to the injection site. The results suggest that excitation of neuronal cell bodies within the medial hypothalamus by excitatory neurotoxins produces acute increases in blood pressure and heart rate. However, widespread diffusion of kainic acid, in particular, was documented and caution in interpretation of the results produced by local intra-cerebral injections of this agent is recommended.
在乌拉坦麻醉的大鼠中，研究了全身动脉血压和心率对脑内注射兴奋性神经毒素红藻氨酸的反应。向丘脑前背内侧核注射红藻氨酸，在30 - 1000 ng的剂量范围内，血压和心率呈剂量相关增加。还观察到眼球突出、瞳孔散大、呼吸频率增加和触须运动。向丘脑前背内侧核注射1000 ng红藻氨酸所引起的血压和心率升高，显著大于注射等摩尔剂量的兴奋性神经毒素quisqualic酸、N - 甲基 - D - 天冬氨酸或喹啉酸所引起的升高。在下丘脑室旁核（PVN）、外侧下丘脑或侧脑室注射1000 ng红藻氨酸后，未检测到心血管反应幅度的差异。相比之下，在30 ng剂量时，向室旁核注射所引起的反应显著大于向外侧下丘脑、内侧丘脑或侧脑室进行的类似注射。发现该剂量的放射性标记红藻氨酸在内侧下丘脑同侧的分布范围，在注射部位的头侧和尾侧各延伸1 mm。结果表明，兴奋性神经毒素对内侧下丘脑内神经元细胞体的兴奋会导致血压和心率急性升高。然而，特别记录到红藻氨酸有广泛扩散的情况，因此建议在解释脑内局部注射该药物所产生的结果时要谨慎。
