Asiedu Kofi, Kyei Samuel, Dzasimatu Selassie K, Morny Enyam K A
Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Optom Vis Sci. 2018 Apr;95(4):349-353. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001192.
This study showed a high frequency of nonobvious obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction, which can be detected only via the expression of the meibomian glands. The study advocates that meibomian gland expressibility should be a routine part of the clinical examination of patients especially those with dry eyes to avoid missing meibomian gland dysfunction among a youthful population.
The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of meibomian gland dysfunction including asymptomatic and symptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction and obvious and nonobvious obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction among a youthful population in Ghana.
This was a clinic-based prospective cross-sectional study of consecutive patients visiting the University of Cape Coast Optometric clinic for comprehensive eye examination.
Two hundred fifteen clinical subjects consented to participate in the study. Mean age of the entire sample was 21.9 (±3.8) years with an age range of 17 to 40 years. One hundred five males and 107 females participated. Frequency of meibomian gland dysfunction among the sample was 25.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.8 to 31.6%). Frequencies of asymptomatic and symptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction were 10.1% and 15.4%, respectively. Frequencies of obvious and nonobvious obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction were 0.9% and 24.6%, respectively. In univariate logistic regression analysis, age (odds ratio, 1.246; 95% CI, 1.037 to 1.496; P = .019) was significantly associated, but sex (odds ratio, 1.315; 95% CI, 0.707 to 2.446; P = .387) was not significantly associated, with meibomian gland dysfunction. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean corneal staining scores between meibomian gland dysfunction subjects and non-meibomian gland dysfunction subjects (t = 3.51, P = .01). There was also a statistically significant difference in the mean tear breakup time between meibomian gland dysfunction subjects and non-meibomian gland dysfunction subjects (t = 4.44, P < .001).
Because of the high frequency of nonobvious obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction, reliance on overt posterior lid margin abnormalities for the diagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction may lead to underdiagnosis of meibomian gland dysfunction among clinicians in a youthful population.
本研究显示非明显阻塞性睑板腺功能障碍的发生率较高，其只能通过睑板腺的表现来检测。该研究主张睑板腺可表达性应成为患者临床检查的常规部分，尤其是干眼患者，以避免在年轻人群中漏诊睑板腺功能障碍。
本研究的目的是评估加纳年轻人群中睑板腺功能障碍的发生率，包括无症状和有症状的睑板腺功能障碍以及明显和非明显阻塞性睑板腺功能障碍。
这是一项基于诊所的前瞻性横断面研究，对连续到开普敦大学验光诊所进行全面眼部检查的患者进行研究。
215名临床受试者同意参与研究。整个样本的平均年龄为21.9（±3.8）岁，年龄范围为17至40岁。其中105名男性和107名女性参与。样本中睑板腺功能障碍的发生率为25.5%（95%置信区间[CI]，19.8%至31.6%）。无症状和有症状睑板腺功能障碍的发生率分别为10.1%和15.4%。明显和非明显阻塞性睑板腺功能障碍的发生率分别为0.9%和24.6%。在单因素逻辑回归分析中，年龄（优势比，1.246；95%CI，1.037至1.496；P = 0.019）与睑板腺功能障碍显著相关，但性别（优势比，1.315；95%CI，0.707至2.446；P = 0.387）与睑板腺功能障碍无显著相关。睑板腺功能障碍受试者与非睑板腺功能障碍受试者的平均角膜染色评分存在统计学显著差异（t = 3.51，P = 0.01）。睑板腺功能障碍受试者与非睑板腺功能障碍受试者的平均泪膜破裂时间也存在统计学显著差异（t = 4.44，P < 0.001）。
由于非明显阻塞性睑板腺功能障碍的发生率较高，依靠明显的睑缘后部异常来诊断睑板腺功能障碍可能导致临床医生在年轻人群中对睑板腺功能障碍的诊断不足。
