Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
Diabetes Specialist Clinic, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
Afr Health Sci. 2022 Mar;22(1):293-302. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v22i1.36.
To evaluate dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction among type 2 diabetes patients.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Parameters assessed included meibum expressibility and quality, Schirmer test 1, tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, blink rates and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. Dry eye was diagnosed based on a combination of subjective symptoms, tear function and ocular surface staining.
Prevalence of DED and MGD were 72.3% and 55.3% respectively. Symptomatic dry eye (OSDI scores) was significantly associated with duration of diabetes (rs = 0.11, P = 0.028) and the presence of conjunctival disorders (OR = 2.09, P = 0.002). MGD was a risk factor for DED (OR = 1.99, P = 0.008); ocular surface damage, the presence of eye lid lesions, abnormal Schirmer test and reduced TBUT were significantly associated with MGD, the strongest predictor being ocular surface damage (OR = 3.21, P = 0.001). OSDI scores had no association with the presence of corneal lesions possibly due to reduced corneal sensitivity.
DED and MGD were prevalent among the patients and therefore there is the need for dry eye assessment as a routine clinical management protocol for patients with type 2 diabetes.
评估 2 型糖尿病患者的干眼和睑板腺功能障碍。
采用医院横断面研究。评估的参数包括泪膜脂质层质量、泪液分泌试验、泪膜破裂时间、眼表面染色、眨眼频率和眼表疾病指数（OSDI）评分。干眼通过主观症状、泪液功能和眼表面染色的综合评估来诊断。
干眼和睑板腺功能障碍的患病率分别为 72.3%和 55.3%。症状性干眼（OSDI 评分）与糖尿病病程（rs=0.11，P=0.028）和结膜疾病存在显著相关（OR=2.09，P=0.002）。睑板腺功能障碍是干眼的危险因素（OR=1.99，P=0.008）；眼表面损伤、眼睑病变、异常 Schirmer 试验和缩短的泪膜破裂时间与睑板腺功能障碍显著相关，最强的预测因素是眼表面损伤（OR=3.21，P=0.001）。OSDI 评分与角膜病变的存在无关，可能是由于角膜敏感性降低。
2 型糖尿病患者中干眼和睑板腺功能障碍很常见，因此需要将干眼评估作为 2 型糖尿病患者常规临床管理方案的一部分。
