Eye Clinic, Twumasiwaa Medical Center ARS Junction East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2019 Apr;42(2):206-211. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
To evaluate in a cohort of patients with dry eye disease (DED) the distribution of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic dry eye involving aqueous deficient or the evaporative subtype of DED.
This was a clinic-based cross-sectional study of consecutive patients visiting the University of Cape Coast eye clinic for a comprehensive eye examination. Eligible participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), ocular surface staining and tear break up time. Subjects with dry eye (symptomatic or asymptomatic) underwent clinical examination comprising lid margin assessments, meibomian gland expressibility and quality assessments, and Schirmer 1 test.
A total of 172 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the eligible participants was 22.7 (±3.7) years, with a range of 17-35 years. There were 83 males and 89 females in the sample. There was an association between the form of the dry eye whether symptomatic or asymptomatic and sex, (X = 6.51 df = 1 p = 0.011). The frequency of symptomatic aqueous-deficient dry eye was 9(5.2%) whiles that of the symptomatic evaporative dry eye was 20(11.6%). The frequencies of the asymptomatic aqueous-deficient dry eye and asymptomatic evaporative dry eye were 9(5.2%) and 12(7.0%) respectively. The frequency of symptomatic mixed dry eye was 30(17.4%) and the asymptomatic mixed dry eye was 8(4.7%). The distribution of unclassifiable dry eye among the symptomatic dry eye group was 41(23.8%) and 43(25%) among the asymptomatic dry eye group.
The number of patients exhibiting signs of the evaporative dry eye resulting from meibomian gland dysfunction far outnumbers those of aqueous deficient dry eye but there remains a high unclassifiable group with an unknown etiology. Further, studies are needed to explore the other etiology or etiologies of dry eye apart from meibomian gland dysfunction and reduced aqueous production.
评估一组干眼患者（DED）中涉及水性缺乏或 DED 蒸发亚型的无症状和有症状干眼患者的分布情况。
这是一项基于诊所的横断面研究，对前往开普敦大学海岸眼科诊所进行全面眼科检查的连续患者进行了研究。符合条件的参与者完成了眼表面疾病指数（OSDI）、眼表面染色和泪膜破裂时间。干眼（有症状或无症状）患者接受了临床检查，包括眼睑边缘评估、睑板腺可挤出性和质量评估以及 Schirmer 1 测试。
共有 172 名患者纳入研究。合格参与者的平均年龄为 22.7（±3.7）岁，范围为 17-35 岁。样本中男性 83 人，女性 89 人。干眼的形式（有症状或无症状）与性别之间存在关联，（X=6.51 df=1 p=0.011）。有症状水性缺乏性干眼的频率为 9（5.2%），有症状蒸发性干眼的频率为 20（11.6%）。无症状水性缺乏性干眼和无症状蒸发性干眼的频率分别为 9（5.2%）和 12（7.0%）。有症状混合性干眼的频率为 30（17.4%），无症状混合性干眼的频率为 8（4.7%）。在有症状的干眼组中，无法分类的干眼分布为 41（23.8%），在无症状的干眼组中为 43（25%）。
表现为睑板腺功能障碍引起的蒸发性干眼的患者数量远远超过水性缺乏性干眼，但仍有很大一部分无法分类的患者病因不明。此外，需要进一步研究除了睑板腺功能障碍和水性分泌减少之外，干眼症的其他病因或病因。
