Rodrigues Bruno Leite, Carvalho-Costa Luís Fernando, Pinto Israel de Souza, Rebêlo José Manuel Macário
Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (LEV-UFMA), Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (LabGeM-UFMA), Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
J Med Entomol. 2018 Jun 28;55(4):893-901. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy032.
Sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) taxonomy is complex and time-consuming, which hampers epidemiological efforts directed toward controlling leishmaniasis in endemic regions such as northeastern Brazil. Here, we used a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene to identify sand fly species in Maranhão State (northeastern Brazil) and to assess cryptic diversity occurring at different spatial scales. For this, we obtained 148 COI sequences of 15 sand fly species (10 genera) from Maranhão (fine spatial scale), and joined them to COI sequences from other Brazilian localities (distant about 2,000 km from Maranhão, broad spatial scale) available in GenBank. We revealed cases of cryptic diversity in sand flies both at fine (Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva) and Evandromyia termitophila (Martins, Falcão and Silva)) and broad spatial scales (Migonemyia migonei (França), Pressatia choti (Floch and Abonnenc), Psychodopygus davisi (Root), Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon and Del Ponte), and Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira)). We argue that in the case of Bi. flaviscutellata, the cryptic diversity is associated with a putative new species. Cases in which DNA taxonomy was not as effective as morphological identification possibly involved recent speciation and/or introgressive hybridization, highlighting the need for integrative approaches to identify some sand fly species. Finally, we provide the first barcode sequences for four species (Brumptomyia avellari (Costa Lima), Evandromyia infraspinosa (Mangabeira), Evandromyia evandroi (Costa Lima and Antunes), and Psychodopygus complexus (Mangabeira)), which will be useful for further molecular identification of neotropical species.
白蛉（双翅目：蛾蠓科）的分类复杂且耗时，这阻碍了在巴西东北部等流行地区控制利什曼病的流行病学工作。在此，我们使用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I（COI）基因的一个片段来鉴定马拉尼昂州（巴西东北部）的白蛉物种，并评估在不同空间尺度上存在的隐性多样性。为此，我们从马拉尼昂州获取了15种白蛉（10个属）的148条COI序列（精细空间尺度），并将它们与GenBank中来自巴西其他地区（距离马拉尼昂约2000公里，宽泛空间尺度）的COI序列相结合。我们揭示了在精细空间尺度（长须罗蛉（Lutzomyia longipalpis（Lutz和Neiva））和嗜白蚁伊蚊（Evandromyia termitophila（Martins、Falcão和Silva）））以及宽泛空间尺度（米氏米蛉（Migonemyia migonei（França））、乔氏普氏蛉（Pressatia choti（Floch和Abonnenc））、戴维斯按蚊（Psychodopygus davisi（Root））、索氏 Sciopemyia（Sciopemyia sordellii（Shannon和Del Ponte））和黄盾双色蛉（Bichromomyia flaviscutellata（Mangabeira）））上白蛉的隐性多样性情况。我们认为，就黄盾双色蛉而言，隐性多样性与一个假定的新物种有关。DNA分类不如形态学鉴定有效的情况可能涉及近期物种形成和/或渐渗杂交，这突出了采用综合方法来鉴定某些白蛉物种的必要性。最后，我们提供了四种白蛉（阿氏布鲁姆普蛉（Brumptomyia avellari（Costa Lima））、翅下伊蚊（Evandromyia infraspinosa（Mangabeira））、埃氏伊蚊（Evandromyia evandroi（Costa Lima和Antunes））和复杂按蚊（Psychodopygus complexus（Mangabeira）））的首批条形码序列，这将有助于进一步对新热带物种进行分子鉴定。
