Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2018 Mar 9;13:1425-1442. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S156616. eCollection 2018.
Cancer has become one of the leading causes of mortality globally. The major challenges of conventional cancer therapy are the failure of most chemotherapeutic agents to accumulate selectively in tumor cells and their severe systemic side effects. In the past three decades, a number of drug delivery approaches have been discovered to overwhelm the obstacles. Among these, nanocarriers have gained much attention for their excellent and efficient drug delivery systems to improve specific tissue/organ/cell targeting. In order to enhance targeting efficiency further and reduce limitations of nanocarriers, nanoparticle surfaces are functionalized with different ligands. Several kinds of ligand-modified nanomedicines have been reported. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are promising ligands, attracting the attention of researchers due to their efficiency to transport bioactive molecules intracellularly. However, their lack of specificity and in vivo degradation led to the development of newer types of CPP. Currently, activable CPP and tumor-targeting peptide (TTP)-modified nanocarriers have shown dramatically superior cellular specific uptake, cytotoxicity, and tumor growth inhibition. In this review, we discuss recent advances in tumor-targeting strategies using CPPs and their limitations in tumor delivery systems. Special emphasis is given to activable CPPs and TTPs. Finally, we address the application of CPPs and/or TTPs in the delivery of plant-derived chemotherapeutic agents.
癌症已成为全球主要致死病因之一。传统癌症疗法的主要挑战在于大多数化疗药物无法选择性地在肿瘤细胞中积累，且具有严重的全身副作用。在过去的三十年中，已经发现了许多药物输送方法来克服这些障碍。在这些方法中，纳米载体因其出色且高效的药物输送系统而备受关注，可提高特定组织/器官/细胞的靶向性。为了进一步提高靶向效率并降低纳米载体的局限性，纳米颗粒表面用不同的配体进行功能化。已经报道了几种配体修饰的纳米药物。细胞穿透肽（CPPs）是一种很有前途的配体，由于其将生物活性分子有效地递送到细胞内的能力，引起了研究人员的关注。然而，其缺乏特异性和体内降解导致了新型 CPP 的发展。目前，可激活的 CPP 和肿瘤靶向肽（TTP）修饰的纳米载体显示出显著提高的细胞特异性摄取、细胞毒性和肿瘤生长抑制作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用 CPP 进行肿瘤靶向策略的最新进展及其在肿瘤输送系统中的局限性。特别强调了可激活的 CPP 和 TTP。最后，我们讨论了 CPP 和/或 TTP 在植物来源的化疗药物输送中的应用。
