Gross Julia Christina, Zelarayán Laura Cecilia
Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2018 Feb 22;5:10. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00010. eCollection 2018.
Wnt signaling is an important pathway in health and disease and a key regulator of stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and proliferation. During heart development, Wnt signaling controls specification, proliferation and differentiation of cardiovascular cells. In this regard, the role of activated Wnt signaling in cardiogenesis is well defined. However, the knowledge about signaling transmission has been challenged. Recently, the packaging of hydrophobic Wnt proteins on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged as a mechanism to facilitate their extracellular spreading and their functioning as morphogens. EVs spread systemically and therefore can have pleiotropic effects on very different cell types. They are heavily studied in tumor biology where they affect tumor growth and vascularization and can serve as biomarkers in liquid biopsies. In this review we will highlight recent discoveries of factors involved in the release of Wnts on EVs and its potential implications in the communication between physiological and pathological heart cells.
Wnt信号通路在健康与疾病中是一条重要途径，也是干细胞维持、分化和增殖的关键调节因子。在心脏发育过程中，Wnt信号通路控制心血管细胞的特化、增殖和分化。在这方面，激活的Wnt信号通路在心脏发生中的作用已得到明确界定。然而，关于信号转导的知识受到了挑战。最近，疏水Wnt蛋白在细胞外囊泡（EVs）上的包装已成为促进其在细胞外传播并作为形态发生素发挥作用的一种机制。EVs可进行全身传播，因此可对非常不同的细胞类型产生多效性影响。它们在肿瘤生物学中得到了深入研究，在肿瘤生物学中，它们影响肿瘤生长和血管生成，并可作为液体活检中的生物标志物。在本综述中，我们将重点介绍Wnts在EVs上释放所涉及的因素的最新发现及其在生理和病理心脏细胞间通讯中的潜在意义。
