Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019 Aug;269(5):485-498. doi: 10.1007/s00406-018-0891-5. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
Sports psychiatry has developed for the past 3 decades as an emerging field within psychiatry and sports medicine. An International society has been established in 1994 and also national interest groups were implemented, mostly within the national organizations for psychiatry, some also containing the topic of exercise treatment of mental disorders. Where are we now 30 years later? We systematically but also selectively review the medical literature on exercise, sport, psychiatry, mental health and mental disorders and related topics. The number of publications in the field has increased exponentially. Most topics keep remaining on the agenda, e.g., head trauma and concussion, drug abuse and doping, performance enhancement, overtraining, ADHD or eating disorders. Supported by the growing literature, evidence-based recommendations have become available now in many clinical areas. A relatively new phenomenon is muscle dysmorphia, observed in weightlifters, bodybuilders but also in college students and gym users. Further, sports therapy of mental disorders has been studied by more and more high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials. Mostly as a complementary treatment, however, for some disorders already with a 1a evidence level, e.g., depression, dementia or MCI but also post-traumatic stress disorder. Being grown up and accepted nowadays, sports psychiatry still represents a fast-developing field. The reverse side of the coin, sport therapy of mental disorders has received a scientific basis now. Who else than sports psychiatry could advance sport therapy of mental disorders? We need this enthusiasm for sports and psychiatry for our patients with mental disorders and it is time now for a broadening of the scope. Optimized psychiatric prevention and treatment of athletes and ideal sport-related support for individuals with mental disorders should be our main purpose and goal.
运动精神病学在过去的 30 年里作为精神病学和运动医学领域的一个新兴领域发展起来。1994 年成立了一个国际协会，同时也成立了国家利益集团，这些集团大多在精神病学的国家组织内，有些还包含运动治疗精神障碍的主题。30 年后的今天我们在哪里？我们系统地但也有选择性地回顾了关于运动、体育、精神病学、心理健康和精神障碍及相关主题的医学文献。该领域的出版物数量呈指数级增长。大多数主题仍然在议程上，例如头部创伤和脑震荡、药物滥用和兴奋剂、提高表现、过度训练、注意力缺陷多动障碍或饮食障碍。在不断增长的文献的支持下，现在许多临床领域都有了基于证据的建议。一个相对较新的现象是肌肉变形障碍，在举重运动员、健美运动员中观察到，但也在大学生和健身房使用者中观察到。此外，精神障碍的运动治疗也越来越多的高质量随机对照临床试验进行了研究。大多数情况下作为一种补充治疗，但对于一些疾病已经有了 1a 级证据水平，例如抑郁症、痴呆症或轻度认知障碍，以及创伤后应激障碍。如今，运动精神病学已经成熟并被接受，但它仍然是一个快速发展的领域。运动治疗精神障碍的另一面现在已经有了科学依据。还有谁比运动精神病学更能推动精神障碍的运动治疗呢？我们需要这种对运动和精神病学的热情，为我们的精神障碍患者服务，现在是扩大范围的时候了。优化运动员的精神预防和治疗以及为有精神障碍的个体提供理想的与运动相关的支持应该是我们的主要目的和目标。
