School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China.
Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Apr 17;52(8):4536-4545. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00427. Epub 2018 Apr 3.
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) were recently discovered in Great Lakes sediment and other aquatic systems. However, knowledge about their bioaccumulation and potential risks to fish and wildlife remains very limited. The present study investigated PHCZs in Great Lakes lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush) and walleye ( Sander vitreus; Lake Erie only) composites collected between 2004 and 2016. Median concentrations of ∑PHCZs by lake ranged from 54.7 to 154 ng/g lipid weight or lw (6.8-28.0 ng/g wet weight). Dominant congeners included 3,6-dichlorocarbazole, 1,3,6-tribromocarbazole, and 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorocarbazole. The highest ∑PHCZs concentrations were found in Lakes Michigan and Ontario fish, followed by Lake Huron, whereas Lakes Erie and Superior fish contained the lowest concentrations. Congener profiles of PHCZs also exhibited spatial variations. After age normalization to minimize fish age influence on bioaccumulation rates, fish ∑PHCZs' concentrations declined significantly over time in all lakes except Lake Erie, with slopes ranging from -10.24% to -3.85% per year. The median toxic equivalent (TEQ) of PHCZs due to their dioxin-like activity was determined to range from 8.7 to 25.7 pg/g lw in Great Lakes fish. This study provides the first insight into the bioaccumulation and spatiotemporal trends of PHCZs in Great Lakes and suggests the need for further research on this group of chemicals.
多卤代咔唑（PHCZs）最近在大湖沉积物和其他水生系统中被发现。然而，关于它们在鱼类和野生动物体内的生物累积及其潜在风险的知识仍然非常有限。本研究调查了 2004 年至 2016 年间采集的大湖湖鳟鱼（Salvelinus namaycush）和大眼梭鲈（Sander vitreus；仅在伊利湖）复合体内的 PHCZs。按湖泊划分，∑PHCZs 的中位数浓度范围为 54.7 至 154ng/g 脂重或 lw（6.8-28.0ng/g 湿重）。主要同系物包括 3,6-二氯咔唑、1,3,6-三溴咔唑和 1,3,6,8-四氯咔唑。密歇根湖和安大略湖鱼类中发现的∑PHCZs 浓度最高，其次是休伦湖，而伊利湖和苏必利尔湖鱼类中的浓度最低。PHCZs 的同系物分布也表现出空间变化。在年龄归一化以最小化鱼类年龄对生物累积率的影响后，除了伊利湖外，所有湖泊中鱼类∑PHCZs 的浓度都随时间显著下降，斜率范围为每年-10.24%至-3.85%。由于其类似二恶英的活性，PHCZs 的中位毒性当量（TEQ）被确定为大湖鱼类中的 8.7 至 25.7pg/g lw。本研究首次深入了解了 PHCZs 在大湖中的生物累积和时空趋势，并表明需要进一步研究这组化学品。
