Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University.
Psychol Aging. 2018 Jun;33(4):595-606. doi: 10.1037/pag0000237. Epub 2018 Mar 22.
Research on cross-national differences in views on aging has often focused on a comparison between Asian and Western countries. However, the results are mixed showing either more positive views in Asia, no difference at all, or even more positive views in Western countries. A potential moderator of country differences that might explain some of the heterogeneity is the fact that views on aging differ in their content and valence depending on life domains such as health versus family relations. Therefore, our aim was to systematically address domain-specific views on aging in a cross-national study, also considering that cross-national differences are age group-specific. We examined differences in views on aging between China, the United States, and Germany in eight life domains using samples with a broad age range. For most of the domains, cross-national differences indicated more negative views on aging in China compared with the Western countries and more positive views among the American compared with the German participants. Intriguingly, the differences between China and the United States or Germany were absent or even reversed in the domains friends, personality, and finances. Cross-national differences also varied by age group. Our results show that explanations of cross-national differences in views of aging probably do not apply uniformly across all life domains or age groups. They underline the importance of acknowledging the domain-specific nature of views on aging in cross-national research. (PsycINFO Database Record
关于对衰老的跨国家差异的研究通常集中在亚洲国家和西方国家之间的比较。然而,结果是混杂的,显示出亚洲国家的观点更为积极,或者根本没有差异,或者甚至西方国家的观点更为积极。可能解释部分异质性的国家差异的一个潜在调节因素是,对衰老的看法在内容和效价上因健康与家庭关系等生活领域而异。因此,我们的目的是在一项跨国研究中系统地探讨特定领域对衰老的看法,同时考虑到跨国差异是特定年龄组的差异。我们使用年龄范围广泛的样本,在八个生活领域中研究了中国、美国和德国之间对衰老的看法差异。在大多数领域,与西方国家相比,中国对衰老的看法更为消极,与德国参与者相比,美国参与者的看法更为积极。有趣的是,在中国和美国或德国之间,在朋友、个性和财务等领域,差异并不存在,甚至相反。跨国差异也因年龄组而异。我们的研究结果表明,对衰老的看法的跨国差异的解释可能并不适用于所有生活领域或年龄组。它们强调了在跨国研究中承认对衰老的看法的特定领域性质的重要性。
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