Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521, USA.
Department of Biology and Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA.
Ecology. 2018 Jun;99(6):1265-1276. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2220.
Despite decades of research on the species-pool concept and the recent explosion of interest in trait-based frameworks in ecology and biogeography, surprisingly little is known about how spatial and temporal changes in species-pool functional diversity (SPFD) influence biodiversity and the processes underlying community assembly. Current trait-based frameworks focus primarily on community assembly from a static regional species pool, without considering how spatial or temporal variation in SPFD alters the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic assembly processes. Likewise, species-pool concepts primarily focus on how the number of species in the species pool influences local biodiversity. However, species pools with similar richness can vary substantially in functional-trait diversity, which can strongly influence community assembly and biodiversity responses to environmental change. Here, we integrate recent advances in community ecology, trait-based ecology, and biogeography to provide a more comprehensive framework that explicitly considers how variation in SPFD, among regions and within regions through time, influences the relative importance of community assembly processes and patterns of biodiversity. First, we provide a brief overview of the primary ecological and evolutionary processes that create differences in SPFD among regions and within regions through time. We then illustrate how SPFD may influence fundamental processes of local community assembly (dispersal, ecological drift, niche selection). Higher SPFD may increase the relative importance of deterministic community assembly when greater functional diversity in the species pool increases niche selection across environmental gradients. In contrast, lower SPFD may increase the relative importance of stochastic community assembly when high functional redundancy in the species pool increases the influence of dispersal history or ecological drift. Next, we outline experimental and observational approaches for testing the influence of SPFD on assembly processes and biodiversity. Finally, we highlight applications of this framework for restoration and conservation. This species-pool functional diversity framework has the potential to advance our understanding of how local- and regional-scale processes jointly influence patterns of biodiversity across biogeographic regions, changes in biodiversity within regions over time, and restoration outcomes and conservation efforts in ecosystems altered by environmental change.
尽管物种库概念已经研究了几十年，生态和生物地理学中基于特征的框架也在最近引起了极大的关注，但令人惊讶的是，人们对物种库功能多样性（SPFD）的时空变化如何影响生物多样性以及群落组装背后的过程知之甚少。当前基于特征的框架主要侧重于从静态区域物种库的角度来研究群落组装，而没有考虑 SPFD 的空间或时间变化如何改变确定性和随机性组装过程的相对重要性。同样，物种库概念主要侧重于物种库中物种数量如何影响本地生物多样性。然而，具有相似丰富度的物种库在功能特征多样性方面可能存在很大差异，这会强烈影响群落组装和生物多样性对环境变化的响应。在这里，我们整合了群落生态学、基于特征的生态学和生物地理学的最新进展，提供了一个更全面的框架，明确考虑了 SPFD 的变化如何影响区域间和区域内的相对重要性社区组装过程和生物多样性模式。首先，我们简要概述了造成区域间和区域内 SPFD 差异的主要生态和进化过程。然后，我们说明了 SPFD 如何影响本地群落组装的基本过程（扩散、生态漂移、生态位选择）。当物种库中的功能多样性更大时，跨越环境梯度的生态位选择会增加确定性群落组装的相对重要性，从而可能会提高 SPFD。相反，当物种库中的功能冗余度较高时，扩散历史或生态漂移的影响会增加，这可能会增加随机群落组装的相对重要性。接下来，我们概述了用于测试 SPFD 对组装过程和生物多样性影响的实验和观测方法。最后，我们强调了该框架在恢复和保护中的应用。这个物种库功能多样性框架有可能促进我们对本地和区域尺度过程如何共同影响生物地理区域内的生物多样性模式、区域内随时间变化的生物多样性变化以及受环境变化影响的生态系统的恢复结果和保护工作的理解。
