Efficacy of Modern Light Curing Units in Polymerizing Peripheral Zones in Simulated Large Bulk-fill Resin-composite Fillings.

The variation in micro-hardness (HV) within simulated large cavities (10 × 6 mm) filled in one increment with three bulk-fill resin-based composites (BF-RBC) was assessed by means of a universal hardness device. Modern blue and violet-blue light curing units (LCUs) were applied in three different positions, by rotating the LCU in 120° steps. The exposure distance was 3 mm. One center and two peripheral (4-mm apart from the center) HV line profiles were measured in 0.5-mm steps at 24 hours postpolymerization to calculate the depth of cure (DOC). Incident light, irradiance, and spectral distribution were recorded. A multivariate analysis (general linear model) assessed the effect of the varied parameters as well as their interaction terms on HV and DOC. The effect of LCU rotation was not significant ( p=0.109). The DOC varied between 3.46 mm and 5.50 mm and was more strongly influenced by the BF-RBC ( p<0.001, η=0.774), followed by the width of specimen ( p<0.001, η=0.554), while the influence of the LCU was very low ( p<0.06, η=0.070). Whether a BF-RBC filling is cured as well in the periphery as in the center depends more on the material than on the curing unit used.