Winter William
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Kingsborough Community College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11235, United States.
Brain Cogn. 2018 Jun;123:136-141. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.03.005. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
From the earliest published reports, Henry Gustav Molaison-who until his death in 2008 was known simply by his initials H.M.-was characterized as having a profound anterograde amnesia subsequent to mid temporal lobe resection, and that this amnestic condition was uncomplicated by other cognitive or behavioral impairments. Post-mortem neuropathological examination has detected-in addition to the expected temporal lobe lesions-previously unreported frontal lobe and white matter pathology, inviting questions concerning the behavioral and cognitive consequences that might result from such lesions. The purpose of this article is to recount published descriptions of a range of anomalous behaviors by H.M. that can not be explained by the memory impairments typically associated with anterograde amnesia, to counter previous claims that these behaviors are attributable to amygdalar damage, and to advance the interpretation that these behaviors are instead consistent with well-documented effects of frontal lobe pathology. Transcripts of interviews with H.M. which feature disjointed, often contradictory, and arguably confabulatory responses are presented in support of this argument.
从最早发表的报告来看，亨利·古斯塔夫·莫莱森（在2008年去世前，人们一直只知道他的名字首字母H.M.）被描述为在颞叶中部切除术后患有严重的顺行性遗忘症，且这种遗忘症并未伴有其他认知或行为障碍。尸检神经病理学检查除了发现预期的颞叶病变外，还发现了此前未报告的额叶和白质病变，这引发了人们对这些病变可能导致的行为和认知后果的疑问。本文的目的是叙述已发表的关于H.M.一系列异常行为的描述，这些行为无法用通常与顺行性遗忘症相关的记忆障碍来解释，反驳之前认为这些行为归因于杏仁核损伤的说法，并提出这些行为反而与额叶病变的充分记录的影响相一致的解释。文中展示了对H.M.访谈的文字记录，其回答杂乱无章、常常相互矛盾，且可以说是虚构的，以此来支持这一论点。
