Delis D C, Squire L R, Bihrle A, Massman P
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Psychology Service, San Diego, CA 92161.
Neuropsychologia. 1992 Aug;30(8):683-97. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(92)90039-o.
A new sorting task designed to isolate and measure specific components of problem-solving ability was administered to four subject groups: patients with focal frontal lobe lesions, patients with both frontal dysfunction and amnesia (Korsakoff's syndrome), patients with circumscribed (non-Korsakoff) amnesia, and normal control subjects. The patients with circumscribed (non-Korsakoff) amnesia, and normal control subjects. The patients with frontal lobe lesions and patients with Korsakoff's syndrome were impaired on eight of the nine components of the task. The findings run counter to theories of a single or primary impairment in patients with frontal lobe dysfunction. Rather, the results suggest that a wide spectrum of deficits in abstract thinking, cognitive flexibility, and use of knowledge to regulate behavior contributes to the problem-solving impairment of these patients. Although the (non-Korsakoff) amnesic patients performed similarly to normal subjects on most measures, a finer analysis suggested that successful performance on this complex sorting task, in addition to being strongly dependent upon frontal lobe function, is mildly dependent upon memory function.
额叶局灶性病变患者、伴有额叶功能障碍和失忆症（科尔萨科夫综合征）的患者、局限性（非科尔萨科夫）失忆症患者以及正常对照受试者。局限性（非科尔萨科夫）失忆症患者和正常对照受试者。额叶病变患者和科尔萨科夫综合征患者在该任务的九个组成部分中的八个部分表现受损。这些发现与额叶功能障碍患者存在单一或主要损伤的理论相悖。相反，结果表明，抽象思维、认知灵活性以及运用知识来调节行为方面的广泛缺陷导致了这些患者的解决问题能力受损。尽管（非科尔萨科夫）失忆症患者在大多数测量指标上的表现与正常受试者相似，但更细致的分析表明，在这项复杂的分类任务上的成功表现，除了强烈依赖额叶功能外，还轻度依赖记忆功能。
