Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio GR71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Irakleio GR70013, Greece.
Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, P.O. Box 2214, Irakleio GR71003, Greece.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2018 Aug;125:100-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.021. Epub 2018 Mar 21.
The Balkan Peninsula constitutes a biodiversity hotspot with high levels of species richness and endemism. The complex geological history of the Balkans in conjunction with the climate evolution are hypothesized as the main drivers generating this biodiversity. We investigated the phylogeography, historical demography, and population structure of closely related wall-lizard species from the Balkan Peninsula and southeastern Europe to better understand diversification processes of species with limited dispersal ability, from Late Miocene to the Holocene. We used several analytical methods integrating genome-wide SNPs (ddRADseq), microsatellites, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data, as well as species distribution modelling. Phylogenomic analysis resulted in a completely resolved species level phylogeny, population level analyses confirmed the existence of at least two cryptic evolutionary lineages and extensive within species genetic structuring. Divergence time estimations indicated that the Messinian Salinity Crisis played a key role in shaping patterns of species divergence, whereas intraspecific genetic structuring was mainly driven by Pliocene tectonic events and Quaternary climatic oscillations. The present work highlights the effectiveness of utilizing multiple methods and data types coupled with extensive geographic sampling to uncover the evolutionary processes that shaped the species over space and time.
巴尔干半岛是生物多样性热点地区，拥有丰富的物种多样性和特有性。巴尔干半岛复杂的地质历史和气候演化被假设为产生这种生物多样性的主要驱动因素。我们调查了来自巴尔干半岛和东南欧的亲缘关系密切的壁蜥物种的系统地理学、历史种群动态和种群结构，以更好地了解具有有限扩散能力的物种从上新世到全新世的多样化过程。我们使用了几种分析方法，包括全基因组 SNP（ddRADseq）、微卫星、线粒体和核 DNA 数据，以及物种分布模型。系统基因组分析产生了一个完全解决的种水平系统发育，种群水平分析证实了至少两个隐生进化谱系的存在以及广泛的种内遗传结构。分歧时间估计表明，墨西拿盐度危机在塑造物种分歧模式方面发挥了关键作用，而种内遗传结构主要是由上新世构造事件和第四纪气候振荡驱动的。本研究强调了利用多种方法和数据类型并结合广泛的地理采样来揭示塑造物种在空间和时间上的进化过程的有效性。
