Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2018 Apr 23;47(8):2921-3004. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00009c.
The lithium-O2 battery is one of most promising energy storage and conversion devices due to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density and hence has broad application potential in electrical vehicles and stationary power systems. However, the present Li-O2 battery suffers from a series of challenges for its practical application, such as its low capacity and rate capability, poor round-trip efficiency and short cycle life. These challenges mainly arise from the sluggish and unsustainable discharge and charge reactions at lithium and oxygen electrodes, which determine the performance and durability of a battery. In this review, we first provide insights on the present understanding of the discharge/charge mechanism of such a battery and follow up with establishing a correlation between the specific materials/structures of the battery modules and their functionality/stability within the recent progress in electrodes, electrolytes and redox mediators. Considerable emphasis is paid to the importance of functional orientation design and the synthesis of materials/structures towards accelerating and sustaining the electrode reactions of Li-O2 batteries. Moreover, the future directions and perspectives of rationally constructed material and surface/interface structures, as well as their optimal combinations are proposed for enhancement of the electrode reaction rate and sustainability, and consequently for a better performance and durability of such batteries.
锂-氧电池由于其超高的理论能量密度，是最有前途的储能和转换设备之一，因此在电动汽车和固定电源系统中有广泛的应用潜力。然而，目前的锂-氧电池在实际应用中存在一系列挑战，例如其容量和倍率性能低、往返效率差和循环寿命短。这些挑战主要源于锂和氧电极上缓慢且不可持续的放电和充电反应，这决定了电池的性能和耐久性。在这篇综述中，我们首先提供了对这种电池的放电/充电机制的现有理解的深入了解，然后通过在电极、电解质和氧化还原介质方面的最新进展，在电池模块的特定材料/结构与其功能/稳定性之间建立了相关性。相当重视功能定向设计和材料/结构合成的重要性，以加速和维持锂-氧电池的电极反应。此外，还提出了合理构建的材料和表面/界面结构及其最佳组合的未来方向和观点，以提高电极反应速率和可持续性，从而提高电池的性能和耐久性。
