Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA; Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Int J Parasitol. 2018 Jul;48(8):641-648. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.007. Epub 2018 Mar 23.
Comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies often show varying degrees of phylogenetic congruence. However, few studies have rigorously explored the factors driving this variation. Multiple factors such as host or parasite morphology may govern the degree of phylogenetic congruence. An ideal analysis for understanding the factors correlated with congruence would focus on a diverse host-parasite system for increased variation and statistical power. In this study, we focused on the Brueelia-complex, a diverse and widespread group of feather lice that primarily parasitise songbirds. We generated a molecular phylogeny of the lice and compared this tree with a phylogeny of their avian hosts. We also tested for the contribution of each host-parasite association to the overall congruence. The two trees overall were significantly congruent, but the contribution of individual associations to this congruence varied. To understand this variation, we developed a novel approach to test whether host, parasite or biogeographic factors were statistically associated with patterns of congruence. Both host plumage dimorphism and parasite ecomorphology were associated with patterns of congruence, whereas host body size, other plumage traits and biogeography were not. Our results lay the framework for future studies to further elucidate how these factors influence the process of host-parasite coevolution.
宿主和寄生虫系统发育的比较通常显示出不同程度的系统发育一致性。然而，很少有研究严格探讨了驱动这种变化的因素。宿主或寄生虫形态等多种因素可能决定系统发育一致性的程度。理解与一致性相关因素的理想分析方法将集中在宿主-寄生虫系统多样化上，以增加变异性和统计能力。在这项研究中，我们专注于 Brueelia 复合体，这是一个多样化且广泛分布的羽毛虱群体，主要寄生在鸣禽身上。我们生成了虱子的分子系统发育，并将该树与它们的鸟类宿主的系统发育进行了比较。我们还测试了每个宿主-寄生虫关联对整体一致性的贡献。这两棵树总体上是显著一致的，但个别关联对这种一致性的贡献有所不同。为了理解这种变化，我们开发了一种新方法来测试宿主、寄生虫或生物地理学因素是否与一致性模式存在统计学关联。宿主羽色二态性和寄生虫生态形态都与一致性模式相关，而宿主体型、其他羽色特征和生物地理学则不相关。我们的研究结果为未来的研究奠定了基础，以进一步阐明这些因素如何影响宿主-寄生虫共同进化的过程。
