Rashidi Fatemeh, Nouri-Ganbalani Gadir, Imani Sohrab
Department of Entomology, Islamic Azad University (Science and Research Branch), Tehran, Iran.
Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
J Econ Entomol. 2018 May 28;111(3):1104-1111. doi: 10.1093/jee/toy069.
The effects of four commonly used pesticides, diazinon (EC 60%), phosalone (EC 35%), fipronil (Granular formulation 0.2%), and pyriproxifen (EC 10%), on functional response of Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were investigated using two lepidopteran hosts, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Heliothis viriplaca (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Laboratory bioassays determined diazinon and fipronil as highly toxic insecticides for all developmental stages of the parasitoid, while the acute toxicity of phosalone and pyriproxyfen was moderate to very low depending on the life-stage studied. Larval, pupal, and adult stages of the parasitoid were exposed to sublethal concentrations (LC30) of insecticides, and the newly mated females were used to study functional response of the parasitoid to different host densities. With a single exception, a type II functional response was found for control and all insecticide treatments on all life stages and both host species. All insecticides tended to decrease the asymptote of the functional response curve and the maximum parasitism rate, probably by negatively affecting the searching efficiency (a') of the parasitoid. These results indicate that the control efficiency of parasitoids may be negatively affected by sublethal doses of pesticides, even though the type of functional response remains unchanged. As a potential solution, appropriate timing of pesticide application is required to avoid the antagonistic interactions with natural enemies under integrated management programs.
使用两种鳞翅目寄主昆虫，即地中海粉螟（Ephestia kuehniella Zeller，鳞翅目：螟蛾科）和棉铃虫（Heliothis viriplaca (Hufnagel)，鳞翅目：夜蛾科），研究了四种常用杀虫剂，即二嗪农（60%乳油）、伏杀硫磷（35%乳油）、氟虫腈（0.2%颗粒剂）和吡丙醚（10%乳油）对淡足侧沟茧蜂（Habrobracon hebetor (Say)，膜翅目：茧蜂科）功能反应的影响。实验室生物测定确定二嗪农和氟虫腈对该寄生蜂的所有发育阶段均为高毒性杀虫剂，而伏杀硫磷和吡丙醚的急性毒性根据所研究的生命阶段从中度到非常低。将寄生蜂的幼虫、蛹和成虫阶段暴露于亚致死浓度（LC30）的杀虫剂中，并使用新交配的雌蜂研究该寄生蜂对不同寄主密度的功能反应。除了一个例外情况，在所有生命阶段和两种寄主物种上，对照和所有杀虫剂处理均呈现II型功能反应。所有杀虫剂都倾向于降低功能反应曲线的渐近线和最大寄生率，这可能是通过对寄生蜂的搜索效率（a'）产生负面影响来实现的。这些结果表明，即使功能反应类型保持不变，亚致死剂量的杀虫剂也可能对寄生蜂的控制效率产生负面影响。作为一种潜在的解决方案，在综合管理计划下，需要适当安排农药施用时间，以避免与天敌产生拮抗相互作用。
